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Anatomy 1 > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax

A

The chest

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2
Q

What is in the thorax

A

Sternum
Costal Cartilage
Ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae and structures they enclose

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3
Q

What is the shape of the thorax

A

Cone shaped

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4
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Thoracic outlet which is closed by the diaphragm

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5
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture

A

Root of the neck and in continuity with the neck

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6
Q

What are the compartments of the thorax

A

Left and right pleural cavities

Mediastinum

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7
Q

What is the sternum

A

Elongated bone structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage

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8
Q

What are the parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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9
Q

What are true ribs

A

1-7

Attached to the sternum

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10
Q

What are false ribs

A

8-10

Have cartilage but don’t link to sternum

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11
Q

What are floating ribs

A

11-12

No anterior attachment

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12
Q

What type of cartilage is costal cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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13
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

A Space

Central compartment of the thorax

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14
Q

Where is the superior mediastinum

A

Starts at the first rib ends at the sternal angle

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15
Q

Where is the posterior mediastinum

A

Starts at sternal angle and ends at the diaphragm

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16
Q

What fills most of the mediastinum

A

The heart

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17
Q

What are great vessels

A

Venae Cavae
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta

18
Q

What merges into the superior vena cava

A

The brachiocephalic vein

19
Q

What merges into the inferior vena cava

A

Common iliac veins

20
Q

What is the major branch of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

21
Q

What are the segments of the aorta

A

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Suprarenal abdominal aorta
Infrarenal aorta

22
Q

What is the first branch of the aorta

A

Coronary artery

23
Q

What is the diaphragm

A

Musculotendinous structure separating the abdomen from the chest
Contracts and flattens when inhaling and exhaling

24
Q

What nerves supply the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

C3,4 and 5

25
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

A

Muscles flatten to increase capacity of the thoracic cavity

26
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration

A

Returns to usual dome shape and together with the elastic recoil of the lungs the air is expelled

27
Q

What sits behind the diaphragm

A

The aorta

28
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve pass through

A

The thoracic outlet

29
Q

Behind what veins does the phrenic nerve pass

A

Subclavian veins

30
Q

What is the course of the left phrenic nerve

A

Lies lateral to common carotid artery, crosses the left side of the aortic arch and passes in front of the left lung root

31
Q

What is the course of the right phrenic nerve

A

Accompanies the right brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava in front of the right lung root

32
Q

What type of innervation does the phrenic nerve supply

A

Motor to the diaphragm

Sensory to pericardium as well as the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the diaphragm

33
Q

What is referred pain

A

Pathology in one area causing pain in another

34
Q

What is an example of referred pain

A

Gall bladder pathology can be referred to the right tip of the shoulder as the same nerve roots supply sensation there

35
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery supply

A

Right side of head and neck and right upper limb

36
Q

What does the left common carotid artery supply

A

Left side of head and neck

37
Q

What does the left subclavian artery supply

A

Left upper limb

38
Q

What is the ascending aorta

A

First part of aorta
Moves upwards to the superior mediastinum where it becomes the aortic arch
Gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries

39
Q

What is the pulmonary trunk

A

Arises from right ventricle of the heart

Gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries

40
Q

What is the superior vena cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body

Formed by left and right brachiocephalic veins

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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