Thorax

Question 1

What is the thorax

Answer 1

The chest

Question 2

What is in the thorax

Answer 2

Sternum
Costal Cartilage
Ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae and structures they enclose

Question 3

What is the shape of the thorax

Answer 3

Cone shaped

Question 4

What is the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

Thoracic outlet which is closed by the diaphragm

Question 5

What is the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 5

Root of the neck and in continuity with the neck

Question 6

What are the compartments of the thorax

Answer 6

Left and right pleural cavities

Mediastinum

Question 7

What is the sternum

Answer 7

Elongated bone structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage

Question 8

What are the parts of the sternum

Answer 8

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 9

What are true ribs

Answer 9

1-7

Attached to the sternum

Question 10

What are false ribs

Answer 10

8-10

Have cartilage but don’t link to sternum

Question 11

What are floating ribs

Answer 11

11-12

No anterior attachment

Question 12

What type of cartilage is costal cartilage

Answer 12

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 13

What is the mediastinum

Answer 13

A Space

Central compartment of the thorax

Question 14

Where is the superior mediastinum

Answer 14

Starts at the first rib ends at the sternal angle

Question 15

Where is the posterior mediastinum

Answer 15

Starts at sternal angle and ends at the diaphragm

Question 16

What fills most of the mediastinum

Answer 16

The heart

Question 17

What are great vessels

Answer 17

Venae Cavae
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta

Question 18

What merges into the superior vena cava

Answer 18

The brachiocephalic vein

Question 19

What merges into the inferior vena cava

Answer 19

Common iliac veins

Question 20

What is the major branch of the aortic arch

Answer 20

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 21

What are the segments of the aorta

Answer 21

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Suprarenal abdominal aorta
Infrarenal aorta

Question 22

What is the first branch of the aorta

Answer 22

Coronary artery

Question 23

What is the diaphragm

Answer 23

Musculotendinous structure separating the abdomen from the chest
Contracts and flattens when inhaling and exhaling

Question 24

What nerves supply the diaphragm

Answer 24

Phrenic nerve

C3,4 and 5

Question 25

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

Answer 25

Muscles flatten to increase capacity of the thoracic cavity

Question 26

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration

Answer 26

Returns to usual dome shape and together with the elastic recoil of the lungs the air is expelled

Question 27

What sits behind the diaphragm

Answer 27

The aorta

Question 28

Where does the phrenic nerve pass through

Answer 28

The thoracic outlet

Question 29

Behind what veins does the phrenic nerve pass

Answer 29

Subclavian veins

Question 30

What is the course of the left phrenic nerve

Answer 30

Lies lateral to common carotid artery, crosses the left side of the aortic arch and passes in front of the left lung root

Question 31

What is the course of the right phrenic nerve

Answer 31

Accompanies the right brachiocephalic vein and the superior vena cava in front of the right lung root

Question 32

What type of innervation does the phrenic nerve supply

Answer 32

Motor to the diaphragm | Sensory to pericardium as well as the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Question 33

What is referred pain

Answer 33

Pathology in one area causing pain in another

Question 34

What is an example of referred pain

Answer 34

Gall bladder pathology can be referred to the right tip of the shoulder as the same nerve roots supply sensation there

Question 35

What does the brachiocephalic artery supply

Answer 35

Right side of head and neck and right upper limb

Question 36

What does the left common carotid artery supply

Answer 36

Left side of head and neck

Question 37

What does the left subclavian artery supply

Answer 37

Left upper limb

Question 38

What is the ascending aorta

Answer 38

First part of aorta Moves upwards to the superior mediastinum where it becomes the aortic arch Gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 39

What is the pulmonary trunk

Answer 39

Arises from right ventricle of the heart | Gives rise to left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 40

What is the superior vena cava

Answer 40

Returns deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body | Formed by left and right brachiocephalic veins