Stomach

Question 1

What is the abdomen

Answer 1

Body cavity between diaphragm and pelvic inlet

Separated from thorax but not tubule

Question 2

What are the regions of the abdomen

Answer 2

R hypochondrium
Epigoastric
L hypochondrium
R lumbar
Umbilical
L lumbar
R iliac fossa
Suprapubic (hypogastrium)
L iliac fossa

Question 3

What region of the abdomen is the stomach found in

Answer 3

Left hypochondrium/epigastric region

Question 4

What are the sections of the stomach

Answer 4

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 5

What is anterior/superior to the stomach

Answer 5

Lower ribs, diaphragm and liver

Question 6

What is posteriors/inferior to the stomach

Answer 6

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidneys adrenal glands and pancreas

Question 7

What are the muscular layers of the stomach

Answer 7

Outer longitudinal
Middle circular
Inner oblique

Question 8

What are the functions of the stomach

Answer 8

Stores swallowed food
Retention of food
Mixing of gastric juice
Chemical and mechanical functions
Limited absorption

Question 9

What secretory cells are found in the stomach

Answer 9

Mucous secreting cells
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Chief cells
Endocrine

Question 10

Describe the cardia

Answer 10

Point where the oesophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach

Question 11

Describe the fundus

Answer 11

Located inferior to the diaphragm and above and to the left of the cardia
Dome shaped
Where air that passes upwards sits

Question 12

Describe the body

Answer 12

Located below the fundus

Makes up main bulk of the stomach

Question 13

Describe the pylorus

Answer 13

Connects the stomach to the duodenum, funnel shaped

Question 14

What are the parts of the pylorus

Answer 14

Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pyloric sphincter

Question 15

Describe the pyloric antrum

Answer 15

Wider end of the funnel

Connects to the body of the stomach

Question 16

Describe the pyloric canal

Answer 16

Narrower end

Connects to the duodenum

Question 17

Describe the pyloric sphincter

Answer 17

Located at the latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying

Question 18

What happens to the stomach in the absence of food

Answer 18

Stomach deflates inwards and its mucosa and submucosa fall into a large fold called a ruga

Question 19

What is the greater curvature

Answer 19

Convex lateral surface of the stomach

Question 20

What is the lesser curvature

Answer 20

Concave medial border of the stomach

Question 21

What is the function of the stomachs inner oblique smooth muscle layer

Answer 21

Can vigorously churn food, mechanically breaking it down

Question 22

What do mucus secreting cells do

Answer 22

Found on luminal surface on gastric pits

They secrete bicarbonate rich mucus (alkaline)

Question 23

What do parietal (oxyntic) cells do

Answer 23

Produce HCl and intrinsic factors

Question 24

What is the function of HCl

Answer 24

Needed to activate pepsin

Question 25

What is the function of intrinsic factors

Answer 25

Binds to B12 molecules to protect them from digestive juices in the stomach until it reaches the small intestine where it facilitates absorption

Question 26

Where are chief cells located

Answer 26

Basal regions of gastric glands

Question 27

What do chief cells secrete

Answer 27

Pepsinogen - inactive form of pepsin

Question 28

What do G cells release

Answer 28

Gastric which increases contractions of later parts of the GI tract

Question 29

What arteries supply the stomach

Answer 29

``` Hepatic R and L gastric Short gastric Splenic R and L gastroepiploic Gastroduodenal ```

Question 30

What veins drain the stomach

Answer 30

R and L gastric which drain into portal vein Short gastric veins and L gastric epiploic veins drain into the splenic which drains into the superior mesenteric R gastric epiploic drains directly into the superior mesenteric

Question 31

What is oesophageal varices

Answer 31

When liver blood flow in obstructed it results in portal hypertension then blood builds up in lower oesophageal vessels which swell up

Question 32

What is contained within the greater omentum

Answer 32

Adipose tissue Lymphatics Blood vessels Nerves

Question 33

What is the role of omentum

Answer 33

Encases infection

Question 34

What are the differences in cell type in the different regions of the stomach

Answer 34

Cardia - Mucous Body - Parietal Pylorus - Mucous

Question 35

Where do all the arteries of the stomach come off

Answer 35

Coeliac trunk