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Anatomy 1 > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdomen

A

Body cavity between diaphragm and pelvic inlet

Separated from thorax but not tubule

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2
Q

What are the regions of the abdomen

A 
R hypochondrium
Epigoastric
L hypochondrium
R lumbar
Umbilical
L lumbar
R iliac fossa
Suprapubic (hypogastrium)
L iliac fossa
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3
Q

What region of the abdomen is the stomach found in

A

Left hypochondrium/epigastric region

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4
Q

What are the sections of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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5
Q

What is anterior/superior to the stomach

A

Lower ribs, diaphragm and liver

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6
Q

What is posteriors/inferior to the stomach

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidneys adrenal glands and pancreas

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7
Q

What are the muscular layers of the stomach

A

Outer longitudinal
Middle circular
Inner oblique

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8
Q

What are the functions of the stomach

A 
Stores swallowed food
Retention of food
Mixing of gastric juice
Chemical and mechanical functions
Limited absorption
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9
Q

What secretory cells are found in the stomach

A

Mucous secreting cells
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Chief cells
Endocrine

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10
Q

Describe the cardia

A

Point where the oesophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach

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11
Q

Describe the fundus

A

Located inferior to the diaphragm and above and to the left of the cardia
Dome shaped
Where air that passes upwards sits

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12
Q

Describe the body

A

Located below the fundus

Makes up main bulk of the stomach

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13
Q

Describe the pylorus

A

Connects the stomach to the duodenum, funnel shaped

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14
Q

What are the parts of the pylorus

A

Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

Describe the pyloric antrum

A

Wider end of the funnel

Connects to the body of the stomach

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16
Q

Describe the pyloric canal

A

Narrower end

Connects to the duodenum

17
Q

Describe the pyloric sphincter

A

Located at the latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying

18
Q

What happens to the stomach in the absence of food

A

Stomach deflates inwards and its mucosa and submucosa fall into a large fold called a ruga

19
Q

What is the greater curvature

A

Convex lateral surface of the stomach

20
Q

What is the lesser curvature

A

Concave medial border of the stomach

21
Q

What is the function of the stomachs inner oblique smooth muscle layer

A

Can vigorously churn food, mechanically breaking it down

22
Q

What do mucus secreting cells do

A

Found on luminal surface on gastric pits

They secrete bicarbonate rich mucus (alkaline)

23
Q

What do parietal (oxyntic) cells do

A

Produce HCl and intrinsic factors

24
Q

What is the function of HCl

A

Needed to activate pepsin

25
Q

What is the function of intrinsic factors

A

Binds to B12 molecules to protect them from digestive juices in the stomach until it reaches the small intestine where it facilitates absorption

26
Q

Where are chief cells located

A

Basal regions of gastric glands

27
Q

What do chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen - inactive form of pepsin

28
Q

What do G cells release

A

Gastric which increases contractions of later parts of the GI tract

29
Q

What arteries supply the stomach

A 
Hepatic
R and L gastric
Short gastric
Splenic
R and L gastroepiploic
Gastroduodenal
30
Q

What veins drain the stomach

A

R and L gastric which drain into portal vein
Short gastric veins and L gastric epiploic veins drain into the splenic which drains into the superior mesenteric
R gastric epiploic drains directly into the superior mesenteric

31
Q

What is oesophageal varices

A

When liver blood flow in obstructed it results in portal hypertension then blood builds up in lower oesophageal vessels which swell up

32
Q

What is contained within the greater omentum

A

Adipose tissue
Lymphatics
Blood vessels
Nerves

33
Q

What is the role of omentum

A

Encases infection

34
Q

What are the differences in cell type in the different regions of the stomach

A

Cardia - Mucous
Body - Parietal
Pylorus - Mucous

35
Q

Where do all the arteries of the stomach come off

A

Coeliac trunk

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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