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Anatomy 1 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What involuntary activities does the autonomic NS control?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Various glands

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

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3
Q

What preganglionic neurons are present in the brainstem

A 
CN 3,7,9 - head structures 
CN 10 (vagus) - thoracic and abdominal organs
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4
Q

What preganglionic neurons are present in the sacral spinal cord

A

S2,3,4 - pelvic organs

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5
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons T1-L2 present

A

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Describe neuron organisation in the Parasympathetic NS

A

Long preganglion neuron
Short postganglion neuron
Ganglion near or in effector

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7
Q

Describe neuron organisation in the Sympathetic NS

A

Pre and post ganglion neurones similar in length

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8
Q

What is a ganglion

A

A collection of cell neurones working at the synapse

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9
Q

What organs does the Parasympathetic NS affect

A

Salivary gland and heart

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10
Q

What anabolic effects does the Parasympathetic NS have

A

Storing energy - digestion

Slowing heart

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11
Q

What in the body is affected by the Parasympathetic NS

A 
Iris and ciliary muscle
Lamina and salivary glands
Heart (SA node)
Bronchi
GI Tract
Bladder
Genitalia
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12
Q

Describes the actions the Parasympathetic NS has on the body

A

Discrete actions on single organs

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13
Q

Describe the actions the Sympathetic NS has on the body

A

Widespread actions, often affecting the whole body

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14
Q

How does the Sympathetic NS affect the body

A

Distribution of sympathetic nerves
Circulating adrenaline
Homeostasis - blood pressure, adrenaline
Fight, flight or fright

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15
Q

What in the body is affected by the Sympathetic NS

A 
Iris
Blood Vessels
Heart
Bronchi
Adrenal Medulla
GI Tract
Bladder
Genitalia
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16
Q

What are the effects of ANS activity

A

Smooth muscle - blood vessels, bronchi
Heart - GI Tract, rate of contraction
Glands - salivary glands, GI glands, sweat glands

17
Q

Does the ANS control breathing

A

No - breathing muscles are skeletal muscles controlled by somatic nerves eg - phrenic nerves

18
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect the iris

A

S - Contraction

P - Contraction

19
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect the ciliary muscle

A

S - Relaxation

P - Contraction

20
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect the salivary glands

A

S - Secretion (viscous, low volume)

P - Secretion (copious, watery)

21
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect the lacrimal glands

A

S - Secretion

P - Secretion

22
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect the nasal glands

A

S - None

P - Secretion

23
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves affect blood vessels

A

S - Constriction of Alpha
Dilation of Beta
P - None

24
Q

What effect does noradrenaline have

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) - alpha receptor
Relaxation of bronchial sm (bronchodilaton) - beta receptor

25
Q

What are the different types of ANS receptors

A

Adrenergic and Cholinergic

26
Q

What are the different adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha and Beta

27
Q

What do Alpha receptors cause

A

Contraction of smooth muscle

28
Q

What do Beta receptors cause

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle

Increases heart rate and force of contraction

29
Q

What is the function of beta blockers

A

To block beta receptors so their effects are restricted to the heart

30
Q

What are the different types of cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

31
Q

What are muscarinic receptors

A

Cholinergic, post ganglion neuro-effector junctions

Blocked by atropine

32
Q

What are nicotinic receptors

A

Preganglion - postganglion neuron synapses

Neuromuscular junctions

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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