Pharynx

Question 1

What are the layers of the cervical viscera

Answer 1

Respiratory layer
Alimentary layer
Endocrine layer

Question 2

What is the pharynx

Answer 2

A muscular tube

Question 3

Where does the pharynx start and end

Answer 3

Starts at the base of the skull and ends at the oesophagus

Question 4

What is the function of the pharynx

Answer 4

It conducts air and its muscles direct food to the oesophagus

Question 5

What are the sections of the pharynx

Answer 5

Nasopharynx (nose part)
Oropharynx (mouth part)
Laryngopharynx (just before the trachea)

Question 6

What is the nasopharynx involved in

Answer 6

Breathing and speech

Question 7

What is the auditory tube

Answer 7

Connects the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx

Question 8

What is the function of the auditory tube

Answer 8

Area yes the middle ear system and clears mucous from the middle ear into the nasopharynx

Question 9

What tonsils does the nasopharynx contain

Answer 9

Tubal tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Question 10

What is the oropharynx involved in

Answer 10

Breathing and digestion but mainly digestion

Question 11

What is the superior and inferior of the oropharynx

Answer 11

Superior - soft palate

Inferior - Epiglottis

Question 12

How is the wall of the oropharynx similar to the wall of the oral cavity

Answer 12

The mucosa includes a stratified squamous epithelium that is endowed with mucous producing glands

Question 13

What are the 3 pairs of pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 13

Superior, middle and inferior

Question 14

What nerves affect the pharynx

Answer 14

9 - glossopharyngeal motor nerve

10 - vagus nerve

Question 15

What is Waldeyers ring

Answer 15

Ring of lymphoid tissue in the naso and oropharynx formed by paired tonsils

Question 16

What is the piriform fossa

Answer 16

Groove in the laryngopharynx which can be dangerous as things can get easily stuck causing it to swell and block the airway

Question 17

Where is the superior constrictor found

Answer 17

Oropharynx

Question 18

What happens when the superior constrictor contracts

Answer 18

Constricts the upper part of the pharynx and forces the contents of the pharynx downwards

Question 19

Where is the middle constrictor found

Answer 19

Laryngopharynx

Question 20

What happens when the middle constrictor contracts

Answer 20

Constricts the pharyngeal opening and forces food down the oesophagus

Question 21

Where is the inferior constrictor found

Answer 21

Laryngopharynx

Question 22

What happens when the inferior constrictor contracts

Answer 22

Constricts lower pharynx and forces food into oesophagus which continues movement of food towards the stomach

Question 23

What nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx

Answer 23

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 24

What is the hyoid bone

Answer 24

Only bone in the body not joined to any other bones

Ensures the airway stays open

Question 25

What cranial nerves affect the pharynx

Answer 25

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve

CN 10 - Vagus nerve

Question 26

What are conditions that can affect the pharynx

Answer 26

Middle ear infection

Tonsilitis

Question 27

What is the pharyngeal plexus comprised of

Answer 27

Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

Question 28

What vessels are related to the pharyngeal plexus

Answer 28

The common carotid artery and the internal jugular veins

Question 29

Why are the pharyngeal constrictors unusual

Answer 29

Made up of inner longitudinal muscle and outer circular muscle

Question 30

Where are the tubal tonsils located

Answer 30

In the mucosa near the auditory tube

Question 31

Where are the palatine tonsils located

Answer 31

Fauces

Question 32

What nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus

Answer 32

Vagus nerve

Question 33

What nerve provides sensorial innervation to the pharynx

Answer 33

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal