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Anatomy 1 > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of bones in the head

A

Cranial

Facial

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2
Q

What are cranial bones

A

Bones that make up the superior part of the skull

Generally flat bones

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3
Q

What are the names of the cranial bones and how many of each are there

A 
Ethmoid - 1
Frontal - 1
Occipital - 1
Parietal - 2 
Sphenoid - 1
Temporal - 2
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4
Q

What are facial bones

A

Irregular bones that support the soft tissue of the face and determine appearance

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5
Q

What are the names of the facial bones and how many of each are there

A 
Zygomatic - 2
Lacrimal - 2 
Nasal - 2 
Palatine - 2
Maxilla - 2
Vomer - 1
Mandible - 1
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6
Q

What do the zygomatic bones form

A

The cheekbones of the face

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7
Q

What is the lacrimal bone

A

Smallest bone of the face

Forms the medial wall of the orbit

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8
Q

What is the nasal bone

A

Slender bone - located at bridge of nose

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9
Q

What is the inferior nasal conchae

A

In nasal cavity - increases the surface area of the nasal cavity thus increasing the amount of inspired air

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10
Q

What is the palatine bone

A

Situated at the rear of the oral cavity and it forms the hard palate

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11
Q

What is the maxilla

A

Forms the upper jaw and hard palate

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12
Q

What is the vomer

A

Forms the posterior aspect of the nasal septum

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13
Q

What is the mandible

A

Articulates with the base of the cranium at the TMJ

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14
Q

What are sutures

A

A type of fibrous joint that are unique to the skull

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15
Q

Why are sutures clinically important

A

Can be points of potential weakness in both childhood and adulthood

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16
Q

What are the different sutures

A

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture

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17
Q

What does the coronal suture fuse

A

The frontal bone with the two parietal bones

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18
Q

What does the sagittal suture fuse

A

The parietal bones to each other

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19
Q

What does the lambdoid suture fuse

A

The occipital bone to the two parietal bone

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20
Q

Why do the sutures overlap in babies

A

To make it easier for the baby to come through the birth canal

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21
Q

Where are the sutures soft

A

The back and front of the head

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22
Q

What are fontanelles

A

The soft sutures

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23
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close

A

2 years old

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24
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close

A

2 months old

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25
What is the mastoid process
A conical prominence of the temporal bone and it is a site of attachment for many muscles
26
What is the foremen magnum
A hole in the occipital bone
27
What is the function of the foremen magnum
Functions as a passage of the CNS through the skull connecting the brain to the spinal cord
28
Why is the zygomatic clinically significant
It absorbs impact from trauma - can take on a lot of pressure
29
What is the cranial vault
Top of the skull
30
What is the cranial vault made up of
``` Frontal bone Occipital bone Parietal bone Temporal bone (Squamous part) ```
31
What are the bones of the cranial base
``` Ethmoid bone Frontal bone Occipital bone Sphenoid bone Temporal bone (Petrous part) ```
32
What is the pterion
The region where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones joins together
33
Why is the pterion clinically significant
Thinnest part of the skull Prone to injury The middle meningeal artery is here and so injury can result in an extradural haemorrhage
34
What is the orbit
The eye socket
35
What makes up the orbit
``` Optic foremen Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Maxilla Frontal bone Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid zygomatic bone Inferior orbital fissures ```
36
What is the superior orbital fissure
The nerves go through here and supply sensation to the muscles outside the eye
37
What nerves supply the orbit
``` Optic nerve Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens ```
38
What happens if the palatine and maxilla bones do not join up properly
Cleft lip/cleft palate
39
What is the nasal septum made of
Vomer and ethmoid bone
40
What branch is the nasopalatine nerve from
Branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
41
What does the nasopalatine nerve innervate
Innervates the palatal tissue of the six anterior teeth
42
Where does the nasopalatine nerve come out
Incisive canal
43
What does the arch of the aorta give off
Brachiocephalic trunk which gives off right common carotid artery Left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
44
Where do the carotid arteries split into the external and internal arteries
At C4
45
What is the carotid triangle
Where the bifurcation of the carotid artery occurs
46
What does the external carotid artery supply
It has several branches that supply the areas of the head and neck external to the cranium
47
What arteries split off from the external carotid artery
``` Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superior temporal artery ```
48
What do the internal carotid arteries supply
Structures within the cranial cavity | Do not supply and structures in the neck
49
Where does the internal carotid artery branch
Inside the skull
50
Why is the parotid gland clinically significant
Inside it is the facial nerve, the external carotid artery and the retromandibular vein making surgery very difficult
51
What are dura venous sinuses
Spaces between the endosteal and miningeal layers of the dura
52
What is the function of the dura venous sinuses
They drain all venous blood writhing the cranial cavity and deliver it back to the cardiovascular circulation via the internal jugular vein
53
What are the dura venous sinuses formed from
Folds of dura - fibrous tissue that have formed to make a complex arrangement of veins
54
What is cerebral spinal fluid
Clear liquid that fills and surrounds the brain and spinal cord
55
Where is cerebral spinal fluid formed
Primarily in the ventricles of the brain
56
What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid
Acts as a cushion, dulling the forces from impact it also transports metabolic waste products, antibodies etc from the brain and spinal cord tissue into the bloodstream
57
What are cavernous sinuses
Dura venous sinuses | They are paired venous channels in the sphenoid bone
58
What is the function of the cavernous sinus
Plays a role in the drainage of venous blood from the orbits and cranium
59
What are the nerves in the cavernous sinus
Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve CN 6 and 7 Abducens nerve
60
What vessel is in the cavernous sinus
Internal carotid artery
61
What can cavernous sinus syndrome result in
Displacement of the eye
62
Where does the cavernous sinus sit
Deep inside the skull and so is clinically significant as it joins all the veins at the front of the face
63
What is the danger triangle and why is it clinically significant
The possibility of a retrograde infection from the nasal area spreading to the brain due to the venous communication between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus meaning infection can travel through the bloodstream
64
What is the normal pulse
60 - 80 bpm
65
What are the different pulses
Temporal pulse Superficial temporal pulse - anterior branch of superficial temporal artery Carotid pulse Facial pulse
66
What are the branches of the sensory ophthalmic nerve
Frontal Lacrimal Nasociliary
67
What are the branches of the sensory maxillary nerve
Zygomatic Infraorbital Superior alveolar nerves
68
What are the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal Lingual Buccal Inferior alveolar
69
What branch of the trigeminal nerve does shingles often affect
The ophthalmic

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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