Small Intestine

Question 1

What makes up the small intestine

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 2

What is the function of peritoneum

Answer 2

Serous membrane
Anchors structures in the abdomen
Parietal outer peritoneum and visceral inner peritoneum

Question 3

What is the function of the duodenum

Answer 3

Receives chyme

Question 4

What is the common bile duct

Answer 4

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 5

Where does the duodenum end

Answer 5

The duodenojejunal junction

Question 6

What are the sections of the duodenum

Answer 6

Superior
Descending
Inferior
Ascending

Question 7

What is the Sphincter of Oddi

Answer 7

Also known as major duodenal papilla - contains secretions from gallbladder and pancreas

Question 8

What is the function of CCK

Answer 8

Hormone that causes contraction of gall bladder to release bile

Question 9

What are the layers of the peritoneum

Answer 9

Parietal and visceral

Question 10

Describe the parietal peritoneum

Answer 10

Outer layer attached to the abdominal wall

Question 11

Describe the visceral peritoneum

Answer 11

Wrapped around the internal organs located inside the intraperitoneal cavity (surrounds the gut tube and organs)

Question 12

What is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 12

The potential space between the two peritoneal layers

Question 13

What is the mesentery

Answer 13

Double layer of the parietal peritoneum

Question 14

What is the omentum

Answer 14

Double fold of peritoneum that runs and hangs down from the stomach

Question 15

Is the duodenum peritoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 15

Both

Question 16

What does bile do

Answer 16

Released when needed to help in digestion of fat

Question 17

What are Brunner’s glands

Answer 17

Have alkaline secretions which help neutralise the stomachs high pH

Question 18

What is mesothelium

Answer 18

Epithelium that lines the peritoneum supported by a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 19

What do pancreatic secretions do

Answer 19

Contain enzymes that help digest proteins

Question 20

Where does the duodenum lie

Answer 20

L1-L4 and is close to the kidneys and pancreas

Question 21

What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do

Answer 21

Hormone secreted in duodenum

Causes contraction of gall bladder and secretion of bile

Question 22

What is the coeliac trunk

Answer 22

Supplies foregut
Major artery of the abdomen
Arises from the abdominal aorta-first major branch

Question 23

What is the superior mesentery artery

Answer 23

Supplies the midgut

Arises from the aorta

Question 24

What is the jejunum responsible for

Answer 24

Digestion (brush border enzyme - on surface of epithelium)

Absorption

Question 25

What is the ileum responsible for

Answer 25

Mainly absorption

Question 26

What are villi

Answer 26

Finger-like processes that increase surface area by 50 x

Question 27

What are microvilli

Answer 27

Present on villi Increase surface area by 100 x Enzymes fixed to microvilli membranes that finish digesting carbs and proteins

Question 28

What is a duodenal ulcer

Answer 28

Mostly occurs in superior | Destruction of epithelium due to too much acid from stomach

Question 29

What is the blood supply for the small intestine

Answer 29

Superior I mesentery artery which branches off the abdominal aorta

Question 30

What does the myenteric plexus control

Answer 30

Innervates motor function of the muscles in the GI tract associated with the vagus nerve

Question 31

Where is the myenteric plexus

Answer 31

Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle

Question 32

What does the meissner plexus control

Answer 32

GI blood flow Senses lumen environment Controls epithelial cell function Exerts GI motility

Question 33

Where is the meissner plexus

Answer 33

Submucosa

Question 34

What are common pathologies of coeliac’s disease

Answer 34

Villus atrophy Hyperplastic crypts Lymphoid infiltration

Question 35

What are symptoms of coeliac’s disease

Answer 35

Diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss

Question 36

What duct leads to the minor duodenal papilla

Answer 36

Accessory pancreatic duct

Question 37

What is the function of intestinal crypts

Answer 37

They serve as a site of rapid mitosis cell division

Question 38

What supplies the duodenum with blood

Answer 38

Inferior, posterior and anterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 39

What is the function of the ileo-caecal valve

Answer 39

Sphincter that prevents the reflux of bacteria from the colon to the small intestine

Question 40

What happens in peristalsis

Answer 40

Ring of contraction moves like a wave along GI tract moving the bolus forward

Question 41

What is the rule of 2

Answer 41

2% of population 2 inches long Generally present after 2 years of age

Question 42

Where does the greater omentum connect

Answer 42

Stomach and transverse colon

Question 43

Where does the lesser omentum connect

Answer 43

Stomach to duodenum and liver