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Anatomy 1 > Small Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

What is the function of peritoneum

A

Serous membrane
Anchors structures in the abdomen
Parietal outer peritoneum and visceral inner peritoneum

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3
Q

What is the function of the duodenum

A

Receives chyme

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4
Q

What is the common bile duct

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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5
Q

Where does the duodenum end

A

The duodenojejunal junction

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6
Q

What are the sections of the duodenum

A

Superior
Descending
Inferior
Ascending

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7
Q

What is the Sphincter of Oddi

A

Also known as major duodenal papilla - contains secretions from gallbladder and pancreas

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8
Q

What is the function of CCK

A

Hormone that causes contraction of gall bladder to release bile

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9
Q

What are the layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal and visceral

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10
Q

Describe the parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer attached to the abdominal wall

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11
Q

Describe the visceral peritoneum

A

Wrapped around the internal organs located inside the intraperitoneal cavity (surrounds the gut tube and organs)

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12
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

The potential space between the two peritoneal layers

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13
Q

What is the mesentery

A

Double layer of the parietal peritoneum

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14
Q

What is the omentum

A

Double fold of peritoneum that runs and hangs down from the stomach

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15
Q

Is the duodenum peritoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Both

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16
Q

What does bile do

A

Released when needed to help in digestion of fat

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17
Q

What are Brunner’s glands

A

Have alkaline secretions which help neutralise the stomachs high pH

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18
Q

What is mesothelium

A

Epithelium that lines the peritoneum supported by a thin layer of connective tissue

19
Q

What do pancreatic secretions do

A

Contain enzymes that help digest proteins

20
Q

Where does the duodenum lie

A

L1-L4 and is close to the kidneys and pancreas

21
Q

What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do

A

Hormone secreted in duodenum

Causes contraction of gall bladder and secretion of bile

22
Q

What is the coeliac trunk

A

Supplies foregut
Major artery of the abdomen
Arises from the abdominal aorta-first major branch

23
Q

What is the superior mesentery artery

A

Supplies the midgut

Arises from the aorta

24
Q

What is the jejunum responsible for

A

Digestion (brush border enzyme - on surface of epithelium)

Absorption

25
Q

What is the ileum responsible for

A

Mainly absorption

26
Q

What are villi

A

Finger-like processes that increase surface area by 50 x

27
Q

What are microvilli

A

Present on villi
Increase surface area by 100 x
Enzymes fixed to microvilli membranes that finish digesting carbs and proteins

28
Q

What is a duodenal ulcer

A

Mostly occurs in superior

Destruction of epithelium due to too much acid from stomach

29
Q

What is the blood supply for the small intestine

A

Superior I mesentery artery which branches off the abdominal aorta

30
Q

What does the myenteric plexus control

A

Innervates motor function of the muscles in the GI tract associated with the vagus nerve

31
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus

A

Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle

32
Q

What does the meissner plexus control

A

GI blood flow
Senses lumen environment
Controls epithelial cell function
Exerts GI motility

33
Q

Where is the meissner plexus

A

Submucosa

34
Q

What are common pathologies of coeliac’s disease

A

Villus atrophy
Hyperplastic crypts
Lymphoid infiltration

35
Q

What are symptoms of coeliac’s disease

A

Diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss

36
Q

What duct leads to the minor duodenal papilla

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

37
Q

What is the function of intestinal crypts

A

They serve as a site of rapid mitosis cell division

38
Q

What supplies the duodenum with blood

A

Inferior, posterior and anterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

39
Q

What is the function of the ileo-caecal valve

A

Sphincter that prevents the reflux of bacteria from the colon to the small intestine

40
Q

What happens in peristalsis

A

Ring of contraction moves like a wave along GI tract moving the bolus forward

41
Q

What is the rule of 2

A

2% of population
2 inches long
Generally present after 2 years of age

42
Q

Where does the greater omentum connect

A

Stomach and transverse colon

43
Q

Where does the lesser omentum connect

A

Stomach to duodenum and liver

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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