Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the circulatory system
Organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients etc
What is the cardiovascular system
Heart
Blood
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Lymphatic system
What does the lymphatic system do
Removes excess fluid and waste products from the interstitial spaces
What are the loops of the CVS
Pulmonary and systemic
What are the muscle layers of the heart
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What is the function of the pericardium
Connective tissue that holds everything together
What are the layers of the pericardium
Fibrous
Parietal
Visceral
What is the pericardial cavity
Space between the parietal and visceral pericardium where a thin film of serous fluid is produced that reduces friction as the heart moves while contracting
What is the myocardium
Makes up the majority of the heart and consists of cardiac muscle cells (myocytes) that are responsible for its coinractility
What is the endocardium
Consists of 3 layers and is continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels
What does the inferior vena cava do
Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower body
What does the superior vena cava do
Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the upper body
Describe the process of systemic circulation
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
Blood travels from aorta into other arteries, arteriolar and then the capillary network
Blood releases oxygen, nutrients and other important substances and receives carbon dioxide and water
The blood, which is now deoxygenated, is collected in the veins and travels to the right atrium
Describe the process of pulmonary circulation
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into smaller arteries and capillaries
Carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the air contained in the pulmonary vesicles and fresh oxygen enters the blood stream
Oxygen rich blood travels through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium
What is the function of the ductus venosus
Directs about 50% of blood to the heart bypassing the liver, draining blood into the inferior vena cava
What is the function of the foremen ovale
Connects the right and left atrium so that blood in the right atrium is directly diverted to the left atrium
What is the function of the ductus arteriosus
Transfers blood that reaches the pulmonary artery to the aorta when the lungs are inoperative for gas exchange
What are muscular pectinati
Internal muscle ridges found in the atria
More common in the right atria
What is the fossa ovalis
Remnant of the foetal foremen ovale, looks like a shallow depression
What is the coronary sinus orifice
Opening of the coronary sinus
What is infective endocarditis
Infection of the endocardial surface of the heart which may include 1 or more of the heart valves
What are the layers of the arteries
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa/adventitia
What are the different types of arteries
Elastic and muscular
What is the function of arterioles
To regulate how much blood goes into the capillaries
