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Anatomy 1 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

Organ system transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients etc

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2
Q

What is the cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Lymphatic system

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3
Q

What does the lymphatic system do

A

Removes excess fluid and waste products from the interstitial spaces

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4
Q

What are the loops of the CVS

A

Pulmonary and systemic

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5
Q

What are the muscle layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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6
Q

What is the function of the pericardium

A

Connective tissue that holds everything together

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7
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Visceral

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8
Q

What is the pericardial cavity

A

Space between the parietal and visceral pericardium where a thin film of serous fluid is produced that reduces friction as the heart moves while contracting

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9
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Makes up the majority of the heart and consists of cardiac muscle cells (myocytes) that are responsible for its coinractility

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10
Q

What is the endocardium

A

Consists of 3 layers and is continuous with the endothelial lining of the large blood vessels

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11
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower body

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12
Q

What does the superior vena cava do

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the upper body

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13
Q

Describe the process of systemic circulation

A

Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
Blood travels from aorta into other arteries, arteriolar and then the capillary network
Blood releases oxygen, nutrients and other important substances and receives carbon dioxide and water
The blood, which is now deoxygenated, is collected in the veins and travels to the right atrium

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14
Q

Describe the process of pulmonary circulation

A

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which branches off into smaller arteries and capillaries
Carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the air contained in the pulmonary vesicles and fresh oxygen enters the blood stream
Oxygen rich blood travels through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium

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15
Q

What is the function of the ductus venosus

A

Directs about 50% of blood to the heart bypassing the liver, draining blood into the inferior vena cava

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16
Q

What is the function of the foremen ovale

A

Connects the right and left atrium so that blood in the right atrium is directly diverted to the left atrium

17
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus

A

Transfers blood that reaches the pulmonary artery to the aorta when the lungs are inoperative for gas exchange

18
Q

What are muscular pectinati

A

Internal muscle ridges found in the atria

More common in the right atria

19
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of the foetal foremen ovale, looks like a shallow depression

20
Q

What is the coronary sinus orifice

A

Opening of the coronary sinus

21
Q

What is infective endocarditis

A

Infection of the endocardial surface of the heart which may include 1 or more of the heart valves

22
Q

What are the layers of the arteries

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa/adventitia

23
Q

What are the different types of arteries

A

Elastic and muscular

24
Q

What is the function of arterioles

A

To regulate how much blood goes into the capillaries

25
Q

Do veins have valves present

A

Only veins in lower limbs

26
Q

How many calculus are present in the aortic valve

A

3

27
Q

What is a murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound

28
Q

Why does the heart receive oxygenated blood during diastole

A

The blood is compressed during systole so it is unable to reach the myocardium

29
Q

What is the aortic muscle

A

Prominence of the aorta as it changes direction

Seen well in x-rays

30
Q

Why does the aorta not collapse during ventricular diastole

A

It has elastic recoil

31
Q

What is the tunica intima

A

Endothelium

32
Q

What is the tunica media

A

Elastic fibres for compliance

Smooth muscle fibres

33
Q

What is the tunica externa/adventitia

A

Elastic tissues and collagen fibres

34
Q

What are the main branches of the aorta that pass into the neck

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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