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Anatomy 1 > Locomotion > Flashcards

Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of bone

A 
Support 
Protection
Mechanical basis
Storage
New cells
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2
Q

What are the different types of bone

A

Compact

Spongy

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3
Q

What is compact bone

A

All the cells are tightly joined together and provides support for the main body of the bone

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4
Q

What is spongy bone

A

Looks porous and is found at the top and bottom ends of the bone

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5
Q

How are bones distinguished

A

Amount of solid matter and the size of space

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6
Q

What is the function of grooves and indentations in bones

A

Present for muscle attachment and vessels

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7
Q

What is a bone marrow biopsy called

A

Trephine biopsy

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8
Q

What does compact bone allow

A

Strength

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9
Q

Where is compact bone found in long bones

A

Middle of the shaft (the body)

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10
Q

What are the classifications of bones

A 
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
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11
Q

What are long bones

A

Tubular

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12
Q

What are short bones and give examples

A

Cuboidal

Tarsus and carpus

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13
Q

What are flat bones and give an example

A

Protective

Skull

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14
Q

What are irregular bones

A

Facial skeleton

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15
Q

Why is the eye zone dangerous

A

Bones are very thin so it is easy to cause damage to nerves around the area
Eg - infraorbital nerve and superior alveolar nerve

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16
Q

Why are tumours in the maxillary sinus often symptomatic

A

Maxillary sinus is so large that bu the time symptoms show the tumour is fairly large

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17
Q

What is the classifications inside a long bone

A 
Diaphysis - shaft
Epiphysis - Ends of long bones
Metaphysic - area of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis
Articular cartilage (hyaline)
Periosteum
Medulla - bone marrow
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18
Q

What are bone markings

A

Where tendons, ligaments or fascia is attached

Where arteries lie adjacent

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19
Q

What are bone formations

A

Passage of a tendon to improve leverage

20
Q

What is a capitulum and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Articulates the head of the radius, found at the head of the humerus

21
Q

What is a condyle and what is an example of a bone it is present on

A

Rounded surface at the end of some bones forming an articulation with another bone
eg - femur

22
Q

What is a crest and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

A ridge

eg - iliac crest

23
Q

What is an epicondye and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

A protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone

24
Q

What is a facet and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Flat surface

eg - vertebra

25
Q

What is a foramen and give is an example of a bone it is present on

A

Hole through bone

eg - base of skull

26
Q

What is a fossa and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Shallow depression or hollow area

eg - scapula

27
Q

What is a head and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Prominent rounded surface

eg - femur

28
Q

What is a line and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Slight, elongated ridge

eg - tibia

29
Q

What is a malleolus and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Expanded projection at the distal end of the fibula or tibia

30
Q

What is a notch and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Small indentation

eg - pelvis

31
Q

What is a trochanter and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Bony prominence for muscle attachment

eg - femur

32
Q

What is a tubercle and give an example of a bone it is present on

A

Anatomical structure that is held to resemble a pulley

eg - humerus

33
Q

What is a tuberosity and give is an example of a bone it is present on

A

Rough surface

eg - tibia

34
Q

What is the medial plane

A

Divides down the middle making equal left and right sides

35
Q

What is the sagittal plane

A

Divides down the middle making unequal left and right sides

36
Q

What is the frontal plane

A

Divides into front and back

37
Q

What does the mechanical arrangement of the body allow when standing at ease

A

That only a few back and lower limb muscles are active

Hip and knee joints are most stable

38
Q

What prevents the body from falling forward

A

Gait cycle

Muscles working to slow you down and prevent you falling over

39
Q

How many bones does the body have

A

206

40
Q

Why are we born with more bones

A

Many of the extra bones are made of hyaline cartilage and they become ossified and fuse together
This occurs in the left 20s

41
Q

What does the axial skeleton do

A

Provides stability for all the body

42
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of

A

The skull
The vertebral column
The ribs
Costal cartilages

43
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of

A

Bones of the upper limbs and the lower limbs

44
Q

What happens to the epiphysis plate when the bone stops growing

A

The cartilage is replaced by osteoid tissue and the epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line

45
Q

What is the marrow cavity

A

At the end of bones

46
Q

What is articular cartilage

A

Joining cartilage that joins bone to bone

47
Q

What is arthritis due to

A

Bones rubbing together due to the wear down of the articular cartilage

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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