Large Intestine

Question 1

What are the sections of the large intestine

Answer 1

Caecum
Colon
Rectum

Question 2

What are the sections of the colon

Answer 2

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

Question 3

What is the ileo-caecal junction

Answer 3

Junction between caecum and ascending colon

Fold of mucosa allows chyme to pass from small intestine to large but not vice versa

Question 4

What epithelium is found in the large intestine

Answer 4

Simple columnar with goblet cells

Question 5

What type of glands are present in the large intestine

Answer 5

Mucosal glands (mucous)

Question 6

Differences between small and large intestine

Answer 6

Large Intestine has:
No villi
Incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle - taenia coil
Ring like arrangement of circular muscle - haustrae

Question 7

What are properties of the recto-anal junction

Answer 7

Quick change in epithelium from simple columnar to the skin

Prone to cancer

Question 8

What is known as the failure to reabsorbed fluid

Answer 8

Diarrhoea

Question 9

What is the function of intestinal flora

Answer 9

Ferment dietary fibre (cellulose) and lipid
Produces gases
Synthesises vitamins B and K

Question 10

What are mass movements

Answer 10

Infrequent, sustained contractions usually after meals

Moves chyme/faeces from proximal colon to distal colon

Question 11

What is defaecation

Answer 11

Ejection of faecal matter from anal canal

Question 12

What type of muscle is found in the rectum

Answer 12

Internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle controlled by the ANS
External sphincter is striated skeletal muscle
Voluntary control is gained at around the age of 2

Question 13

What is a colostomy

Answer 13

Disease of the large intestine resulting in removal of a section of the colon
The ileum or colon is brought out through the abdominal wall
The opening is called a stoma and faecal matter is collected in a bag

Question 14

What does diarrhoea result in

Answer 14

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 15

What is constipation

Answer 15

Hard faeces that is difficult to pass
Due to increased fluid absorption
Side effects of the drugs opiates

Question 16

What is the function of the colon

Answer 16

Absorbs fluid and electrolytes from small intestine chyme

Question 17

Describe the caecum

Answer 17

Sac like structure that receives contents of the ileum and continues the absorption of water and salts

Question 18

What is the appendix

Answer 18

Windy tube that attaches to the caecum

No function

Question 19

What is haustra

Answer 19

Due to ring like arrangement of circular muscle

Pulls in at one place

Question 20

What is teniae coli

Answer 20

3 bands of smooth muscle that make up the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis of the large intestine

Question 21

What are the sphincters of the anal canal

Answer 21

Internal and external

Question 22

Describe the internal anal sphincter

Answer 22

Made up of smooth muscle so contractions are involuntary

Question 23

Describe the external anal sphincter

Answer 23

Made up of skeletal muscle which is under voluntary control

Question 24

What is the definition of diarrhoea

Answer 24

Going to the toilet more than 3 times a day

Question 25

What is the definition of constipation

Answer 25

Going to the toilet less than 3 times a week

Question 26

What does the verified appendix lead off

Answer 26

The caecum

Question 27

What drug can cause constipation as a side effect

Answer 27

Opiates