Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the 3 main functional components of cranial nerves
Motor to voluntary muscles
Motor to involuntary muscles
Sensory
What are the different types of motor innervation
Somatic motor - not to the pharyngeal arches
Branchial motor - to the pharyngeal arches
What are the different types of sensory innervation
From viscera
General sensation
Special senses
What type of innervation does the olfactory nerve provide
Special sensory
How does the olfactory nerve regenerate
The epithelial cells become blocked with mucus and so cannot work properly but can regenerate so the sense of smell will come back
How is the olfactory nerve use in stem cell research
It has been taken out and injected into the spinal cord of patients with paralysis
What type of innervation does the optic nerve provide
Special sensory
Where are the nerve cell bodies of the optic nerve
In the retina
What makes the optic nerve unique
It is a direct extension of the brain meaning it is surrounded by cranial meninges
How does MS effect the optic nerve
It causes demyelination
What type of innervation does the oculomotor nerve provide
Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Where do the fibres of the oculomotor nerve arise from
Nucleus in the midbrain
What does the somatic component of the oculomotor nerve supply
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
Levator palpeerage superioris
What does the visceral motor component of the oculomotor nerve do
Provides parasympathetic innervation to the sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle
It does this via the ciliary ganglion
What happens to the eye if the oculomotor nerve is damaged
Common position is for the eye to go down and out
What type of innervation does the trochlear nerve give
Somatic motor
What does the trochlear nerve supply
Superior oblique
Where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve
In the midbrain
What is trochlear nerve palsy
Results in double vision
Worst when looking done
How is the trochlear nerve tested
Examined in conjunction with the oculomotor and abducens nerve by testing the movement of the eye
What type of innervation does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve give
Provides general sensory innervation
What does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply
Cornea, skin of the forehead, the scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
Provides parasympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland
What type of innervation does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve provide
General sensory
What does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supply
Sensation to the maxilla part of the face, the upper lip, maxillary teeth (through the superior alveolar nerve) and the maxillary sinuses
