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Anatomy 1 > Oesophagus > Flashcards

Oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

A muscular tube that runs from the pharynx to the stomach

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2
Q

Where does the oesophagus pass through

A

The pharynx, neck, thorax, abdomen and abdomen

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3
Q

What epithelium is found in the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

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4
Q

What are the muscle layers of the oesophagus

A

Muscular is mucosae

Inside circular muscle and outside longitudinal muscle

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5
Q

What muscle types are found in the oesophsgus

A

Upper part - skeletal
Middle part - mixed
Lower part - smooth

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6
Q

What can acid reflux cause

A

Metaplasia - change of tissue nature
Dysplasia - precancerous
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

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7
Q

What is the oesophageal hiatus

A

The opening where the oesophagus penetrates the diaphragm

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8
Q

What are sphincters

A

Muscles that surround tubes and serve as valves

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9
Q

What are the sphincters of the oesophagus

A

Upper oesophageal sphincter and lower oesophageal sphincter

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10
Q

Describe the upper oesophageal sphincter

A

Continuous with the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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11
Q

Describe the lower oesophageal sphincter

A

Relaxes to let food pass into the stomach

Contracts to prevent acid reflux

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12
Q

What does the lamina propria in the mucosa contain

A

Mucus secreting gland as well as nerves and muscles

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13
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the oesophagus

A

Adventitia

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14
Q

What is the gastro-oesophageal junction

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus to the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach

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15
Q

What are the roles of swallowing

A

Transports food to stomach

Prevents food from entering the airway

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16
Q

What are the stages of swallowing

A

Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase

17
Q

What is dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

18
Q

What are causes of dysphagia

A

Stroke
Genetic conditions
Neuromuscular disease or obstructions

19
Q

What is trachea-oesophageal fistula

A

The trachea and oesophagus become connected resulting in repeated vomiting

20
Q

What is zener’s diverticulum

A

Occurs in the oesophagus as a pouch posterior to the upper oesophageal sphincter

21
Q

How can dysphagia/alchasia be treated

A

Ballon dilation or treatment of underlying pathology

22
Q

What is the mucosa comprised of

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscular is mucosae

23
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosae

A

It is a thin layer of smooth muscle tissue and provides local movement of the mucosa

24
Q

What is present in the submucosa

A 
Connective tissue that is thicker than the mucosal layer
Numerous small glands
Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Parasympathetic nerves
25
Q

What is present in the adventitia

A

Loose connective tissue (fibrous/adipose)

26
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus

A

Metaplasia - changing from stratified squamous to simple columnar
Glandular epithelium is also present

27
Q

What is anterior to the oesophagus

A

Trachea

28
Q

What is achalasia

A

Oesophageal motility disorder

29
Q

What are symptoms of a child with trachea-oesophageal fistula

A

Copious salivation, choking, cyanosis, coughing

30
Q

What happens in the oral phase of swallowing

A

Occurs voluntary in the mouth when the tongue forces the bolts of food towards the pharynx

31
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

Bonus passes into pharynx.

32
Q

What happens in the oesophageal phase of swallowing

A

Occurs involuntary in oesophagus. Oesophageal sphincter opens to allow food to pass through. Blous is moved down oesophagus through peristalsis

Anatomy 1 (23 decks)

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