Thoracic Spine & Breathing Mechanics Flashcards
Name the three bones which contribute towards the formation of the sternum.
Manubrium, sternum, xiphoid
Which two structures are located posterior to the manubrium?
Aortic Arch, thymus
Dorsal scapular nerve supplies
Levator scapulae & Rhomboids Major/Minor
What type of bone is the sternum?
Flat bone
The superior aspect of the manubrium is concave, producing a depression known as?
Sternal notch
The manubrium and sternum articulate to form what type of joint?
Manubriosternal joint
Cartilagninous joint
What is an alternative name for the sternum?
Gladiolus
The gladiolus articulates with the xiphoid process to form which joint?
Xiphisternal joint
Cartilagnious joint
Which ribs articulate with the manubrium?
1st & 2nd
Which ribs articulate with the gladiolus?
Ribs 2 to 6
Which rib articulates with the xiphoid process
Rib 7
Which condition is associated with inflammation of costo cartilage of the ribs?
costochondritis
tietze’s
Which ribs are atypical?
Rib 1,2,10,11,12
Why is the 1st rib is considered to be atypical?
It is shorter and wider than the other ribs
It only articulates with the T1 (the corresponding vertebrae)
The superior surface is marked with two grooves, which make way for the sub-clavian artery and vein.
Scalene tubercle seperates the two grooves.
Why is the 2nd rib is considered to be atypical?
It contains a roughened area on its upper surface which acts as an attachment site for the serratus anterior.
Why is the 10th rib is considered to be atypical?
The rib head only contains one facet for articulating with T10.
Why is the 11/12th rib is considered to be atypical?
They have no neck, therefore do not articulate with the TP.
The rib head contains only one facet for articulation with the corresponding vertebrae.
Which ribs are typical?
Ribs 3 to 9
Describe the posterior articulation of the ribs
Costotransverse junction
Articulation between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse costal facet
Costovertebral junction
Articulation between the head of the rib and the corresponding vertebrae and the body of the vertebrae superiorly
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic, C3,4,5
The diaphragm is in line with which thoracic vertebrae?
T10
What is the origin of the diaphrgam?
Internal surface of the xiphoid process (Sternal)
Internal surface of the lower six ribs (Costal)
L1 to L3
Which is the right dome of the diaphragm higher in comparison to the left?
Due to the presence of the liver.
Name the three apertures of the diaphragm and the level that they pierce the diaphragm.
Vena cava (T8) Oesophagus (T10) Aortic Hiatus (T12)
Which nerve innervates the abdominal organs?
Cranial nerve 10
Veguus nerve
The muscle fibres of the diaphragm combine to form a central tendon. This tendon ascends to fuse with the inferior surface of the fibrous?
Pericardium
Which artery supplies the diaphragm?
inferior phrenic arteries
The inferior phrenic arteries is a branch of?
The abdominal aorta
The sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manbrium to form which joint?
Sternoclavicular joint
Synovial saddle joint
Which facet articulates with the coresponding vertebrae? Superior or inferior?
Inferior
Which facet is larger the inferior or superior?
Inferior
What type of bones are the ribs?
Flat
What is the facet orientation of the thoracic vertebrae?
60 Degrees coronal
Which ribs adhere to
Pump handle motion
Bucket handle motion
Caliper
Pump T1 to T6
Bucket T7 to T10
Caliper T11/12
What type of joints are the following? Intervertebral joints Apophyseal joint Rib Facet Sternoclavicular joint Costochondral joint Sternocostal joint 1st sternocostal Menubrailsternal joint Xiphisternal joint Scapulothoracic joint
Cartilagneous synovial plane synovial plane synovial plane Cartilagneous synovial plane Sytnchondrosis Symphysis Symphysis False
How many intercostal spaces do we have ?
11
Name the three layers to the intercostals
External, Internal, innermost
Which disc is situated between the sternoclavicular joint?
Fibrocartilaginous disc
Which 4 ligaments stabilize the s/c joint?
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament
Which ligament binds the head of the rib to the body of the vertebrae?
The radiate ligament
Which ligament stabilizes the costotransverse junction?
Costotransverse ligament
Which ligament stabilizes the articulation between the costal cartilage of the ribs and the sternum?
Radiate sternochondral ligament
How many cranial nerves do we have?
Which cranial nerves arise from the cerebrum?
12,
Olfactory and optic
Which cranial nerves arise from the brain stem?
Cranial nerves 3 to 12
What is a spinal nerve?
A nerve which exits the spinal cord but it has not yet contributed towards the formation of a plexus?
Where will you find Sibson’s Fascia?
Within the clavicle, first ribs, Sp’s ofC6,7
Where do the Sympathetic Chain Ganglia sit?
Anterior to the vertebral bodies
What is the name of the venous drainage system of the thoracic cage?
Azygos system
What spinal level do the sympathetic nerves arise from?
Thoracolumber outflow T1 to L2
Sympathetic chain ganglia
(Anterior to vertebral bodies)
What spinal level do the parasympathetic nerves arise from?
Cranialsacral outflow
Located within the spinal cord and brain
What is the function of baroreceptors?
Where are they found?
Monitor blood pressure changes
Carotid sinus
Aortic Arch
What is the function of chemorecptors?
Respond to chemical changes such as low levels of CO2 (hypoxia)
What type of receptors are baroreceptors?
Mechanoreceptors
What are mechanoreceptors excited by?
Excited b the stretch of blood vessels
What is an alternative name for sibsons facia?
Suprapleural membrane
Which ligament binds the tubercle of the rib to the transverse process?
The costotransverse ligament?
Which ligament binds the head of the rib with the body of the vertebrae?
Radiate Ligament
Which ligament binds the head of the rib with the body of the vertebrae?
Tip..In-between articulations
intra-articular ligament
Which ligament binds the costal cartilage of the rib to the sternum?
Radiate sternocondral/costal ligament.
The articulate between the costal cartilage of the ribs and the sternum is known as?
What type of joint does it form?
Sternocostal/Condral joint
Synovial plane joint
Which ligaments binds the sternoclavicular joint?
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
Interclavicular ligaments
