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Osteopathy Term 2 > Lumber Spine > Flashcards

Lumber Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nerve root level of the lumber plexus?

A

T12,L1 to L4

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2
Q

What is the nerve root level of the sacral plexus?

A

L4 to S4

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3
Q

What is the nerve root level of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3

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4
Q

What is the nerve root level of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2 to S4

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5
Q

What is the nerve root level of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

L2/3

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6
Q

What is the nerve root level of the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3

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7
Q

What is the nerve root level of the fibular branch of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S2

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8
Q

What is the nerve root level of the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

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9
Q

What is the nerve root level of the obturator nerve?

A

L2,3,4

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10
Q

Which muscles (motor) does the anterior compartment of the femoral nerve innervate? Level

A

Sartorius, Pectineus, lliacus

L2/3

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11
Q

Which muscles (motor) does the posterior compartment of the femoral nerve innervate? Level

A

Quadriceps

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12
Q

The sciatic nerve bifurcates at which apex? Into which branches?

A

Apex of the popliteal fossa.

Tibial and fibular branches of the sciatic nerve

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13
Q

Describe the 2 cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve and what areas of the skin they innervate.

A

Saphenous cutaneous nerve (medial leg, ankle and foot)

Anterior cutaneous nerve (innervates the anterior compartment of the leg)

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14
Q

What is the motor and sensory supply of the pudendal nerve?

A

Motor supply
A branch of the pudendal nerve, the inferior rectal nerve, provides motor supply to the external anal sphincter and urethral sphincter.

Sensory supply
The pudendal nerve supplies sensation to external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus, anal canal and perineum.

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15
Q

Damage to the sensory supply of the pudendal nerve results in which condition?

A

saddle anesthesia

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16
Q

The short head of the biceps femoris is supplied by which nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

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17
Q

The long head of the biceps femoris and two medial hamstrings are supplied by which nerve?

A

tibial nerve

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18
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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19
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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20
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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21
Q

The cutaneous supply to the posterior compartment of the leg is provided by which 2 nerves?

A

The Lateral sural cutaneous nerve (common fibular nerve)

The medial cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve)

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22
Q

The sural nerve supplies sensation to which area of the body?

A

Posterior compartment of the leg and the lateral ankle

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23
Q

Which muscles contribute towards the formation of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial and lateral hamstrings

Two heads of the gastrocnemius

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24
Q

Describe the 4 contents of the politeal fossa

A

Medial to lateral

Popliteal artery, vein, fibular nerve

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25
Q

Which nerves supply the motor supply to the foot?

A

The medial and lateral planter nerves

Branch of the tibial nerve

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26
Q

Which nerve innervates the 1st lumbricle, the flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucus brevis

A

Medial planter nerve

27
Q

Damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve results in which condition?

A

meralgia paresthetica

28
Q

Where will you find the Iliolumbar ligament?

A

Between the Iliac crest and the TP of /L4L5

29
Q 
Which movement accounts for the greatest increase of disc pressure?
A. Coughing 
B. Walking 
C. Side bending 
D. Flexion
A

A. Flexion

30
Q

What is the nerve root for the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5-S2

31
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the Inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus maximus

32
Q

What is the nerve root for the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L4 to S1

33
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Glute medius, minimus, tfl

34
Q

Which is the key lumbar collecting node for the lymphatic system?

  1. Thoracic duct
  2. Sentinel node
  3. Celiac
  4. Cisterna Chyli
A
  1. Thoracic duct
35
Q

Where is the Sacral plexus in relation to the Sacrum?

  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Medial
  4. Lateral
A

2.Posterior

36
Q 
Which of these are not hip bursa?
  subacromial 
  Iliopsoas 
  Trochanteric 
  Gluteus medius
A

subacromial

37
Q

Which nerve is compressed during Piriformis syndrome?

A

Sciatic

38
Q

What ligament prevents extension of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral

39
Q 
All of the following pass behind the ischial spine except?
A.Pudendal nerve 
B.Obturator nerve 
C.Internal pudendal vessel 
D.Nerve to obturator internus
A

B.Obturator nerve

40
Q

The obturator nerve passes through which foramen?

A

Obturator

41
Q

What is the nerve root level of the thoracolumber junction?

A

T12/L1

42
Q

What type of curvature does the lumber spine adopt?

A

Lordotic

43
Q

Which ligament resists hyperextension of the lumber spine?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

44
Q

Which ligaments (4) resists hyperflexion of the lumber spine?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous ligament/Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum

45
Q

The ligamentum flavum joins?

A

Adjacent laminae together

46
Q

Which ligament stabilises the L/S junction, preventing displacement of L5 on the sacrum?

A

IIiolumber ligament

47
Q

Which ligament joins tp to tp?

A

Intertransverse ligament

48
Q

Which nerve is responsible for innervation of the cremaster muscle? Level?

A

Genitofemoral nerve L1/2

49
Q

Which nerves innervates the transverse abdominals and the internal obliques?

A

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

50
Q

Which nerve inneravates the quadratus lumborum?

A

T12, sub costal nerve

51
Q

What is the outer layer of the inter vertebral disc called?

A

Annulus fibrosus

52
Q

What is the inner layer of the inter vertebral disc called?

A

Nucleus polposus

53
Q

Name three ways in which a disc can degenerate prematurely ?

A
  1. Ageing
  2. Poor manual handling
    (flexion w/rotation)
  3. Inactivity/overweight
54
Q

Name four functions of the inter vertebral discs?

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Transmits loads
  3. Enables movements
  4. Joints adjacent vertebrae
  5. Weight bearing
55
Q

Inter-vertebral discs are responsible for making up what % of the spinal column?

A

20 to 25%

56
Q

Do inter-vertebral discs have a nerve supply?
A. Yes
B. No

A

B. No

57
Q

What percentage of a disc is made from water?

A

75 percent

58
Q

Which nerves inneraves the adductor magnus?

A

Tibial (L4) and obturator nerves

Dual supply

59
Q

What is the spinal level of the thoracolumber outflow?

A

T1 to L2

60
Q

The spinal cord enlarges at the lumber spine at what level?

A

L1 to S3

61
Q

Anterior displacement of a vertebrae is called?

A

spondylolisthesis

62
Q

Posterior displacement of a vertebrae is called?

A

retrolisthesis

63
Q

bamboo spine is also known as?

A

ankylosing spondylitis

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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