Lumber Spine

Question 1

What is the nerve root level of the lumber plexus?

Answer 1

T12,L1 to L4

Question 2

What is the nerve root level of the sacral plexus?

Answer 2

L4 to S4

Question 3

What is the nerve root level of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 3

L4 to S3

Question 4

What is the nerve root level of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 4

S2 to S4

Question 5

What is the nerve root level of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 5

L2/3

Question 6

What is the nerve root level of the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 6

L4 to S3

Question 7

What is the nerve root level of the fibular branch of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 7

L4 to S2

Question 8

What is the nerve root level of the femoral nerve?

Answer 8

L2,3,4

Question 9

What is the nerve root level of the obturator nerve?

Answer 9

L2,3,4

Question 10

Which muscles (motor) does the anterior compartment of the femoral nerve innervate? Level

Answer 10

Sartorius, Pectineus, lliacus

L2/3

Question 11

Which muscles (motor) does the posterior compartment of the femoral nerve innervate? Level

Answer 11

Quadriceps

Question 12

The sciatic nerve bifurcates at which apex? Into which branches?

Answer 12

Apex of the popliteal fossa.

Tibial and fibular branches of the sciatic nerve

Question 13

Describe the 2 cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve and what areas of the skin they innervate.

Answer 13

Saphenous cutaneous nerve (medial leg, ankle and foot)

Anterior cutaneous nerve (innervates the anterior compartment of the leg)

Question 14

What is the motor and sensory supply of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 14

Motor supply
A branch of the pudendal nerve, the inferior rectal nerve, provides motor supply to the external anal sphincter and urethral sphincter.

Sensory supply
The pudendal nerve supplies sensation to external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus, anal canal and perineum.

Question 15

Damage to the sensory supply of the pudendal nerve results in which condition?

Answer 15

saddle anesthesia

Question 16

The short head of the biceps femoris is supplied by which nerve?

Answer 16

Common fibular nerve

Question 17

The long head of the biceps femoris and two medial hamstrings are supplied by which nerve?

Answer 17

tibial nerve

Question 18

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 18

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 19

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 19

Deep fibular nerve

Question 20

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 20

Tibial nerve

Question 21

The cutaneous supply to the posterior compartment of the leg is provided by which 2 nerves?

Answer 21

The Lateral sural cutaneous nerve (common fibular nerve)

The medial cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve)

Question 22

The sural nerve supplies sensation to which area of the body?

Answer 22

Posterior compartment of the leg and the lateral ankle

Question 23

Which muscles contribute towards the formation of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 23

Medial and lateral hamstrings

Two heads of the gastrocnemius

Question 24

Describe the 4 contents of the politeal fossa

Answer 24

Medial to lateral

Popliteal artery, vein, fibular nerve

Question 25

Which nerves supply the motor supply to the foot?

Answer 25

The medial and lateral planter nerves | Branch of the tibial nerve

Question 26

Which nerve innervates the 1st lumbricle, the flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucus brevis

Answer 26

Medial planter nerve

Question 27

Damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve results in which condition?

Answer 27

meralgia paresthetica

Question 28

Where will you find the Iliolumbar ligament?

Answer 28

Between the Iliac crest and the TP of /L4L5

Question 29

``` Which movement accounts for the greatest increase of disc pressure? A. Coughing B. Walking C. Side bending D. Flexion ```

Answer 29

A. Flexion

Question 30

What is the nerve root for the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 30

L5-S2

Question 31

Which muscle is innervated by the Inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 31

Gluteus maximus

Question 32

What is the nerve root for the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 32

L4 to S1

Question 33

Which muscle is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 33

Glute medius, minimus, tfl

Question 34

Which is the key lumbar collecting node for the lymphatic system? 1. Thoracic duct 2. Sentinel node 3. Celiac 4. Cisterna Chyli

Answer 34

1. Thoracic duct

Question 35

Where is the Sacral plexus in relation to the Sacrum? 1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Medial 4. Lateral

Answer 35

2.Posterior

Question 36

``` Which of these are not hip bursa? subacromial Iliopsoas Trochanteric Gluteus medius ```

Answer 36

subacromial

Question 37

Which nerve is compressed during Piriformis syndrome?

Answer 37

Sciatic

Question 38

What ligament prevents extension of the hip?

Answer 38

Iliofemoral

Question 39

``` All of the following pass behind the ischial spine except? A.Pudendal nerve B.Obturator nerve C.Internal pudendal vessel D.Nerve to obturator internus ```

Answer 39

B.Obturator nerve

Question 40

The obturator nerve passes through which foramen?

Answer 40

Obturator

Question 41

What is the nerve root level of the thoracolumber junction?

Answer 41

T12/L1

Question 42

What type of curvature does the lumber spine adopt?

Answer 42

Lordotic

Question 43

Which ligament resists hyperextension of the lumber spine?

Answer 43

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 44

Which ligaments (4) resists hyperflexion of the lumber spine?

Answer 44

Posterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligament/Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum

Question 45

The ligamentum flavum joins?

Answer 45

Adjacent laminae together

Question 46

Which ligament stabilises the L/S junction, preventing displacement of L5 on the sacrum?

Answer 46

IIiolumber ligament

Question 47

Which ligament joins tp to tp?

Answer 47

Intertransverse ligament

Question 48

Which nerve is responsible for innervation of the cremaster muscle? Level?

Answer 48

Genitofemoral nerve L1/2

Question 49

Which nerves innervates the transverse abdominals and the internal obliques?

Answer 49

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 50

Which nerve inneravates the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 50

T12, sub costal nerve

Question 51

What is the outer layer of the inter vertebral disc called?

Answer 51

Annulus fibrosus

Question 52

What is the inner layer of the inter vertebral disc called?

Answer 52

Nucleus polposus

Question 53

Name three ways in which a disc can degenerate prematurely ?

Answer 53

1. Ageing 2. Poor manual handling (flexion w/rotation) 3. Inactivity/overweight

Question 54

Name four functions of the inter vertebral discs?

Answer 54

1. Shock absorption 2. Transmits loads 3. Enables movements 4. Joints adjacent vertebrae 4. Weight bearing

Question 55

Inter-vertebral discs are responsible for making up what % of the spinal column?

Answer 55

20 to 25%

Question 56

Do inter-vertebral discs have a nerve supply? A. Yes B. No

Answer 56

B. No

Question 57

What percentage of a disc is made from water?

Answer 57

75 percent

Question 58

Which nerves inneraves the adductor magnus?

Answer 58

Tibial (L4) and obturator nerves | Dual supply

Question 59

What is the spinal level of the thoracolumber outflow?

Answer 59

T1 to L2

Question 60

The spinal cord enlarges at the lumber spine at what level?

Answer 60

L1 to S3

Question 61

Anterior displacement of a vertebrae is called?

Answer 61

spondylolisthesis

Question 62

Posterior displacement of a vertebrae is called?

Answer 62

retrolisthesis

Question 63

bamboo spine is also known as?

Answer 63

ankylosing spondylitis