Osteopathic Skills/Available ROM Flashcards
What type of joint is a facet joint?
Synovial plane joint
Describe the movements available and ROM for the cervical spine.
Flexion 80 to 90
Extension 70
Lateral flexion 20 to 45
Rotation 70 to 90
List the orientation of the following.
- Atlanto Occipital joint
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumber
- Lumbosacral junction
- Atlanto Occipital joint (Transverse)
- Cervical (Coronal 45 degrees)
- Thoracic (Coronal 60 degrees)
- Lumber (L1 to L4 Sagittal 90 degrees)
- Lumbosacral junction (coronal 45 degrees)
The Atlantoaxial joint is responsible for what percentage of movement via rotation of the cervical spine.
50 degrees of available rotation
- What accessory movements at the atlantoccipital joint?
- Describe the arthrokinematics between the AO during flexion.
- What is the available ROM?
- Which ligament stabilize this articulation?
- Describe the arthrokinematics between the AO during extension.
1. Flexion and extension
Side bending
2. Posterior slide and an anterior roll of the condyles on the concavity of the lateral masses of the Atlas.
3. 10 degrees flexion, 5 degrees extension
4. Atlantoccipital joint capsule
Lateral atlantoccipital ligament
Atlantoccipital membrance
5. Posterior roll and an anterior glide- What is the palpatory contact which performing accessory movements of the AO?
- Which 2 points are palpated via assessment of the AO.
- Which muscles attach to the mastoid process?
- Thumb and index finger
- Posterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the transverse process (lateral mass) of C1
- SCM and splenius capitis
- How many Atypical Cervical vertebrae do we have?
- Name them.
- Why are they Atypical?
- 3
- C1,2,7
- They adopt characteristics that are not present in other cervical vertebrae.
Which movements are possible via the thoracic spine?
Flexion 20 to 45
Extension 25 to 45
Lateral flexion 20 to 40
Rotation 35 to 50
Which movements are present in the lumber spine?
Flexion 40 to 60
Extension 25 to 35
Lateral flexion 15 to 20
Rotation 3 to 18
- How many bones are in the body?
- How many bones contribute towards the formation of the axial skeleton?
- How many bones contribute towards the formation of the appendicular skeleton?
- 206
- 80
- 126
Which bones make up the axial skeleton? (6)
Cranial/facial bones Auditory ossicles Sternum Ribs Hyoid Vertebral column
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton? (6)
All appendages including the shoulder girdle
Describe the three planes of the body and the movements which occur within these planes.
- 2
- 5
- 4
- Sagittal Plane
Flexion and extension movements - Coronal Plane
Lateral flexion, abduction/adduction, inversion/eversion - Transverse Plane
(Horizontal abduction/adduction, supination/pronation)
Which joints contribute towards the formation of the shoulder complex. State what type of synovial joints they are.
Shoulder girdle is made up of following joints:
Gleno-humeral ; synovial ball and socket.
Acromio-clavicular; synovial plane with intra-articular disc.
Sterno-clavicular; modified saddle, with intra-articular disc.
State the movements of the shoulder joint and the available ROM
Flexion 180 Extension 50 Abduction 180 Adduction (Horizontal) 10 to 55 Internal Rotation 60 External Rotation 80
Describe the accessory movements of the shoulder joint?
distraction, compression, AP glide, sup/inf glide
- What are accessory movements?
- Why would you perform accessory movements within a clinical environment?
- What factors could contribute towards instability within a joint?
- Accessory or joint play movements are joint movements which cannot be performed by the individual.
- To determine if any joint laxity is present which could indicate instability.
To determine the integrity/stability of the joint. - High levels of the hormone Relaxin
Endocrine influence (ligaments can lose elasticity due to high levels of androgen. (testosterone)
Previous history of mechanical trauma which has compromised the ligaments/musculature
Sports which encourage laxity (gymnastics)
What is the anatomical name for the elbow joint?
Cubital
Which movements are present at the elbow joint, describe the available ROM.
Flexion 140
Extension 10 to 15
Pronation 90
Supination 90
Where does the wrist end and the hand begin?
The writ is made from the radio-carpal joint and proxinal/distal carpals
The hand begins at the proximal metacarpals
Describe 2 movements which are specific to the sacrum and the available ROM.
Nutation
4 degrees
Counternutation
Elastic Recoil
- Describe 2 movements specific to the illiosacral joint.
2. Describe 2 movements specific to the sacroilliac joint.
- Anteriorization and posteriorization of the innominate
2. Nutation and counternutation
- Which ligament helps to stabilize the lumbosacral junction?
- Which ligaments help to prevent posteriorization of the innominate?
- Which ligament prevents anteriorization of the innominate?
- Which ligament prevents displacement between the sacrum and the innominate?
- Which ligaments help to prevent excess nutation of the sacrum?
- Which ligament connects to the ILA of the sacrum via the sacrotuberous ligament?
- iliolumbar ligament
- sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament
- Posterior sacroiliac ligament
- Interosseous ligament
- sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament
- Piriformis, multifidus, G/Max, B/Femoris
Describe the movements and available ROM of the hip joint.
Flexion 110/120 Extension 10/15 Abduction 30/50 Adduction 30 External Rotation 40 to 60 Internal Rotation 30 to 40
Describe the movements and available ROM of the knee joint.
Flexion 140
Extension 5 to 15
Internal Rotation 30
External Rotation 40
What type of joints are the following?
- Tibiofemoral joint
- Patellofemoral joint
- Proxial tibiofibular joint
- Distal tibiofibular joint
1. Tibiofemoral joint Modified Hinge joint 2. Patellofemoral joint Synovial plane joint 3. Proxial tibiofibular joint Synovial plane joint 4. Distal tibiofibular joint Syndesmosis
Describe the ligaments of the knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Medial/Lateral Collateral Ligament Coronary Ligaments Transverse Intermeniscal ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Patella Ligament
- Which ligaments connect to the head of the fibula?
2. Which ligament stabilizes the proximal tibiofibular ligament?
- Lateral collateral ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament - Anterior/Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Which group of ligaments help to stabilize the distal tibiofibular ligament?
Lateral collateral ligament
Name the three Lateral collateral ligaments?
Anterior/Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
What movements are possible at the ankle/foot?
What is the available ROM?
Dorsiflexion 20
Planterflexion 50
Inversion 10
Eversion 15
- Which three movements make up Supination of the ankle joint?
- What is the available ROM?
- What type of stress does supination generate through the knee joint?
- What position does it influence the hip to enter?
Abnormally high arch is known as?
- Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
- 45 to 60
- Varus stress
- External rotation
- Pes cavus
- Which three movements make up Pronation of the ankle joint?
- What is the available ROM?
- What type of stress does pronation generate through the knee joint?
- What position does it influence the hip to enter?
Abnormally high arch is known as?
- Planterflexion, inversion and adduction
- 15 to 30 degree
- valgus
- Internal rotation
- Pes cavus
Which ligament limit eversion of the foot? (4)
Deltoid ligaments
Anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Which ligament binds the navicular bone to the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus?
Spring
Calcaneonavicular ligament
How many bursa are in the foot?
3
What is the nerve root for the Peroneal nerve?
L4 to S2
Which ligament binds the distal tibia and fibular?
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
