Renal System Flashcards
Approximately how many nephrons are present within a human kidney?
One Million
What is hypoxia?
Low blood oxygen levels
What is the structural and filtration unit of the kidney called?
Nephrons
What is dialysis?
Filtration of blood
What cannot be tested for in a urine testing strip? Choose from the following.
Hormone levels? Glucose? PH? Protein?
Hormone
Renin production has what effect on blood pressure?
Increases
Where does most reabsorption of water take place?
Loop of henle
What is the net result of erythropoietin production?
Increase in red blood cells
Describe the organisation of the urinary system by placing the following into order.
Ureter, Kidney, urethra, bladder.
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
The renal artery is a branch of which artery?
Abdominal aorta
The renal vein is a branch on which vein?
Inferior vena cava
What is the inner layer of the kidney called?
Medulla
- What is the inner layer of the kidney called?
Cortex
What artery and vein that supplies the kidney?
Renal artery/Vein
As the inferior vena cava transitions inferiorly, it branches into the?
common iliac vein
Which organ produces urea?
Liver
What is urea made from?
Excess amino acids that are broken down by the liver
Which structure carries urine away from the kidneys towards the bladder?
Ureter
Which steroid hormone do the adrenal glands produce?
Aldosterone
Which kidney is lower and why?
The right kidney due to the position of the liver
Which kidney is larger?
Left
What does aldosterone regulate?
Sodium homeostasis
What effect does aldosterone have on urine production blood pressure
Decreases urine production and increases blood pressure
What is the natural PH of urine?
4.6 to 8.0
- How many renal pyramids are present per kidney?
7 to 17
What is the head of the ureter called?
Renal pelvis
The site where the renal artery and vein enter the kidney is called the?
Hilum
What is the function of the ureter?
To carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
Which receptors detect changes in the body’s internal environment such as the decrease in blood levels of oxygen?
Chemoreceptors
The production of RBC is called?
Erythropoietin
The pigmentation of urine is derived from the breakdown of which cells?
RBC
Water enters cells via the process of? Think of cellular transportation.
Osmosis
Most reabsorption of water occurs within which loop of the nephron?
The loop of Henle
Excessively high levels of RBC are known as?
Polycythaemia
- What do tubules in the nephrons absorb?
The tubules absorb all usable substances and discard of others
Which substance is always disposed of? Which substance is always absorbed?
Urea is disposed of. Glucose is retained.
Where is glucose stored?
In the liver and muscles
What percentage of urine is made from water?
95
Name three hormone which have a direct effect on the kidneys
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Atrial natriuretic hormone
- ADH is produced in which part of the brain? *
Hypothalamus
Where is ADH stored?
Pituitary gland
Which two hormones cause a constriction to the arteries thus increasing blood pressure and reduce urination?
- Aldosterone
2. Antidiuretic Hormone
Aldosterone signals for the reabsorption of which mineral?
Sodium.
Where is Atrial natriuretic Hormone produced?
In the atria of the heart.
