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Osteopathy Term 2 > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Which ligament of the knee resists a valgus stress?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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2
Q

Which ligament of the knee resists a varus stress?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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3
Q

low medial arch of the foot is known as? What type of stress does it place through the knee?

A

pes planus

Valgus

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4
Q

abnormally high arch of the foot is known as? What type of stress does it place through the knee?

A

Pes cavus

Varus

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5
Q

Supination is made from which three movements?

Tri plantar motion

A

Planterflexion, inversion, adduction

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6
Q

Pronation is made from which three movements?

Tri plantar motion

A

Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

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7
Q

The M.C.L extends from/to?

A

The medial condyle of the femur to the medial condlye of the tibia

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8
Q

The L.C.L extends from/to?

A

Lateral condlye of the femur to the head of the fibula

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9
Q

Which ligament binds the minisci anteriorly?

A

Transverse interminiscal ligament

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10
Q

Which ligament binds the minisci to the tibial plateau?

A

Coronary ligaments

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11
Q

Which ligament helps to stabilize the patella inferiorly?

A

Patella Ligament

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12
Q

The patella ligament runs from/to?

A

Apex of the patella/tibial tuberoisty

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13
Q

What is the between the M.C.L and the L.C.L?

A

The M.C.L are enclosed within the joint capsule and fuses with the medial menisici

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14
Q

What are the menisci made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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15
Q

Name a type of meniscal injury?

A

bucket handle tear

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16
Q

The meniscis are prone to a bucket handle tear at which point?

A

Within the concavity of the C.shape

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17
Q

Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?

A

ACL

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18
Q

Which ligament prevents POSTERIOR displacement of the tibia on the femur?

A

PCL

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19
Q

The nerve to Sartorious is?

A

Anterior division of the femoral nerve L2/3

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20
Q

All of the following muscles share the same innervation as Soleus, except:

Tibialis posterior
Popliteaus
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius

A

Tibialis anterior

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21
Q

The saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve?

A

Femoral nerve

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22
Q

Which nerve innervates the gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve

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23
Q

The lateral compartment of the leg is supplied by which artery?

A

Peroneal

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24
Q

which vein drains the posterior lower leg?

A

Posterior tibial

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25
Q

what is the nerve root to the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4 to S1

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26
Q

what is the nerve root to the Inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5 to S2

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27
Q

what is the nerve root to the femoral nerve?

28
Q

what is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

  1. osteoarthritis is an autoimmune condition
  2. osteoarthritis affects multiple joints
  3. osteoarthritis affects single joints
  4. osteoarthritis has systemic symptoms
29
Q

What is the nerve root of the Tibial nerve?

30
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint?

A

Synovial hinge

31
Q

What type of joint is the patellofemoral joint?

A

Synovial gliding

32
Q

Describe the following ROM of flexion, ext, int rotation and external rotation of the knee.

A

Flexion 140 degrees
Extension 5 to 15 degrees
Internal rotation 30 degrees
External rotation 40 degrees

33
Q

Which ligaments restrict external rotation of the knee

A

Cruciate ligaments

Oblique popliteal ligaments

34
Q

The oblique popliteal ligament extends from/to?

A

Medial condyle of the tibia to the lateral condyle of the femur

35
Q

Which structures run through the intercondylar fossa of the knee?

A 
Popliteal artery (medial)
Popliteal vein (intermediate)
Tibial nerve (lateral)
36
Q

Which bursa is associated with hosuemaids knee?

A

Prepatellar bursitis

37
Q

Name 4 bursa of the knee?

A

Suprapetellar bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Infrapatella bursa
Deep infrapatella bursa

38
Q

What is the nerve root level of the tibial nerve?

39
Q

What is the nerve root level of the peroneal nerve?

40
Q

Which nerve/level supplies the piriformis?

A

Nerve to the Piriformis

S1/2

41
Q

Which nerve supplies the obturator internus/level?

A

Nerve to the obturator internus.

L5 to S1

42
Q

Which nerve supplies the obturator externus/level?

A

Obturator L3/4

43
Q

What is meant by the fabella?

A

Little bean

44
Q

Where is the fabella located?

A

tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle

45
Q

What is the correct name for the Patella tendon?

A

Ligamentum patellae

46
Q

What is another name for the surface that the patella glides upon?

A

Trochlear groove

47
Q

What structure covers the ends of bones within a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

48
Q

The popliteus muscle is responsible for what action?

A

Unlocking the knee

49
Q

Which adductor muscle has an attachment to the adductor tubercle?

A

Adductor magnus

50
Q

What structure attaches to the Gerdy’s tubercle?

51
Q

What are the TWO main joint actions for the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Knee flexion

Plantarflexion

52
Q

Describe the screw home mechanism of the knee

A

Tibia rotates externally and the femur rotates externally to enter the closed packed position.

During the last 30 degrees of knee extension, the tibia (open chain) or femur (closed chain) must externally or internally rotate, respectively, about 10 degrees.
This slight rotation is due to inequality of the articular surface of femur condyles.
Rotation must occur to achieve full extension and then flexion from full extension

53
Q

What is the difference between the medial and lateral condylar surfaces of the femur?

A

The medial surface of the femur is larger
The lateral condyle of the femur is more anterior, to prevent lateral displacement of the patella

The lateral meniscis is larger in comparison to the medial

54
Q

Which nerve when injured causes drop foot

A

Deep peroneal nerve

55
Q

Which nerves supply the anterior knee?

A

Femoral and obturator

56
Q

Nerve to the lateral compartment of the knee

A

Superficial peroneal

57
Q

Nerve to the posterior compartment of the knee

58
Q

What are the lymph nodes of the knee called?

59
Q

What are varicose veins and how do they form?

A

The valves of the veins become lax and weakened, allowing venous blood to back flow. The blood pools and collects causing the veins to adopt a warped, bulging appearance .

60
Q

What is dvt?

What type of heat does it produce?

A

Venous blood that has clotted and attached to the vein wall, causing a blockage.
Producing swelling and heat
If the clot becomes dislodged it can cause a heart attack or lungs.
Vivid

61
Q

What is the medial term for a heart attack?

A

Myocardial infraction

62
Q

What is the medial term for a blood vessel which blocks the lungs?

A

pulmonary embolus.

63
Q

Myocardial infraction creates a referal pain down which arm?

64
Q

What is compartment syndrome?
Which is this dangerous?
What type of heat does it produce?

A

Bleeding /swelling within the muscle
Compressive force through the arteries/nerves
Cold

65
Q

inflammation of a vein is called?

66
Q

A full thickness tear to the PCL results in what type of sign?

67
Q

A full thickness tear to the M.C.L, the A.C.L and the medial menisci is known as?

A

The unhappy triad

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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