Lymphatic System Flashcards
There are a number of organs that contain lymphatic tissue. Name 4.
- Spleen
- Liver
- Thymus
- Tonsils
What is the function of the spleen?
The spleen recognises old, or damaged red blood cells and removes them from your body by breaking them down and saving any useful components, such as iron, in the process.
What role does the spleen play with the immune system?
The spleen contains T cells and B cells which help to fight infection.
It symphasizes antibodies
Which artery supplies the spleen?
The splenic artery
The splenic artery is a branch of which artery?
Celiac trunk which is a branch of the abdomial aorta
Where is the spleen located in relation to the ribs/level?
Underneath the diaphragm
Upper left quadrant of the abdomen
Between the 9th and 11th rib
Where are lymphoctes produces?
Within red bone marrow
Thymus
Where is the thymus located in relation to the sternum/heart?
Posterior to the manubrium of the sternum
Anterior to the pericardium of the heart
Which nerve innervates the thymus?
Vagus nerve
How many lobes make up the thyums?
Two lobes
What is the function of the thymus
It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) which are part of the immune system and help fight infection.
It becomes redundant as we age thus degenerating and being replaced by fats.
Where is the liver located?
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.
What is the function of the liver? Immunity.
The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria, viruses, and macromolecules.
Where is the liver located in relation to the thoracic spine?
T7 to T11
Where is the diaphragm located in relation to the thoracic spine?
T10
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic
C3,4,5
The word “diaphragm” is derived from the Greek words “dia,” meaning?
Pertiition
Fence
How many openings are present in the diaphragm?
State the level of the openings in relation to the thoracic spine.
Vena Cava (T8) Oesophagus (T10) Aortic Hiatus (T12)
The esophagus leads to which organ?
Stomach
Which sphincter prevents the backflow of hydrochloric acid from the stomach?
Inferior esophageal sphincter
If the Inferior esophageal sphincter weakens, what condition can manifest?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
What are the symptoms of Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) ?
Bloating, heartburn, indigestion
What is an alternative word for indigestion?
Think of pepsi..burping…begins with a D
Dyspepsia
What is a hiatus hernia?
Contents of the stomach push through the esophageal hiatus. Openings at either side of the esophagus (openings/weakness)
A hiatus hernia is divided into 2 categories name them.
Rolling or Sliding
Which muscle blends with the crus of the diaphragm?
Psoas
What is the Orgin and insertion of the diaphragm?
Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments.
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (attach directly to ribs 11-12).
Xiphoid process of the sternum.
What is the O,I,A and nerve innervation of the iliopsoas?
Origin
Iliac fossa
(T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) and intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor)
Insertion: Femur: lesser trochanter
Nerve Innervation
Iliacus: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Psoas major: anterior rami of spinal nerves (L1-L3)
Name contraindications to lymphatic technique
High fever Peripheral infection Cancer DVT Compartment syndrome
How many lymphatic nodes are in the body?
How many nodes are present in the head and neck?
800 in the body
300 in the head and neck
The right lymphatic duct drains?
The right lymphatic duct drains the right thorax, upper limb, head and neck
The left lymphatic duct drains?
The rest of the body
The thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system via which vein?
at the left brachiocephalic vein
The left brachiocephalic vein lies between which two veins?
between the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
How is lymph formed?
It is formed when fluid leaves the capillary bed in tissues due to hydrostatic pressure. Roughly 10% of blood volume becomes lymph.
What is the composition of lymph
The composition of lymph is fairly similar to that of blood plasma, with the majority of the volume (around 95%) comprised of water.
The remaining 5% is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates (mainly glucose), various ions and some cells (mainly lymphocytes), although this can vary depending on where in the body the lymph is produced.
Lymph produced in which system contains the highest concentration of fats?
(lymph that is produced in the gastrointestinal system) is particularly rich in fats.
How many litres does the average adult produce each day.
The average adult produces between 3-4 litres of lymphatic fluid each day, although this can vary in illness.
The majority of lymphatic nodes are located?
Within the abdomen
How does lymph move through the body? (4)
- The motion of muscles and joints
- Gravity
- Breathing, producing a pump like action
- Pulsation of the artery that runs alongside the lymphatic vessels promotes the movement of lymph
The
Do lymphatic vessels contain values?
If so, why?
Yes, to prevent the backflow of lymph.
It moves in one direction, towards the lymphatic nodes
What are lymphatic vessels?
Lymphatic vessels are the network of capillaries (microvessels) and large network of tubes located throughout the body that transport lymph away from tissues.
What where do lymphatic vessels transport lymph to?
Lymphatic nodes
What is a lymphatic node
What do they contain
Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.
The cisterna chyli is an extension of which duct?
The right thoracic duct
What is the cisterna chyli ?
It is made from the union of 3, trunks name them.
The cisterna chyli is a dilation of lymphatic tissue formed by the union of three trunks.
- Left and right lumber lymph trunk
- Intestinal trunk
What lymph does the cisterna chyli receive?
All lymph below the diaphragm
The cisterna chyli drains lymph into which duct?
The right thoracic duct
The right thoracic duct drain into which vein?
Right brachiocephalic
The right brachiocephalic is formed by the union of which two veins>
The right subclavian and the right internal jugular
The brachiocephalic vein drains into?
The superior vena cava
The superior and inferior vena cava drains into?
The right atrium
