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Osteopathy Term 2 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

There are a number of organs that contain lymphatic tissue. Name 4.

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Liver
  3. Thymus
  4. Tonsils
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2
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

The spleen recognises old, or damaged red blood cells and removes them from your body by breaking them down and saving any useful components, such as iron, in the process.

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3
Q

What role does the spleen play with the immune system?

A

The spleen contains T cells and B cells which help to fight infection.
It symphasizes antibodies

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4
Q

Which artery supplies the spleen?

A

The splenic artery

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5
Q

The splenic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

Celiac trunk which is a branch of the abdomial aorta

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6
Q

Where is the spleen located in relation to the ribs/level?

A

Underneath the diaphragm
Upper left quadrant of the abdomen
Between the 9th and 11th rib

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7
Q

Where are lymphoctes produces?

A

Within red bone marrow

Thymus

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8
Q

Where is the thymus located in relation to the sternum/heart?

A

Posterior to the manubrium of the sternum

Anterior to the pericardium of the heart

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates the thymus?

A

Vagus nerve

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10
Q

How many lobes make up the thyums?

A

Two lobes

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11
Q

What is the function of the thymus

A

It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) which are part of the immune system and help fight infection.
It becomes redundant as we age thus degenerating and being replaced by fats.

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12
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.

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13
Q

What is the function of the liver? Immunity.

A

The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria, viruses, and macromolecules.

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14
Q

Where is the liver located in relation to the thoracic spine?

A

T7 to T11

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15
Q

Where is the diaphragm located in relation to the thoracic spine?

A

T10

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16
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic

C3,4,5

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17
Q

The word “diaphragm” is derived from the Greek words “dia,” meaning?

A

Pertiition

Fence

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18
Q

How many openings are present in the diaphragm?

State the level of the openings in relation to the thoracic spine.

A 
Vena Cava (T8)
Oesophagus (T10)
Aortic Hiatus (T12)
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19
Q

The esophagus leads to which organ?

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Which sphincter prevents the backflow of hydrochloric acid from the stomach?

A

Inferior esophageal sphincter

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21
Q

If the Inferior esophageal sphincter weakens, what condition can manifest?

A

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) ?

A

Bloating, heartburn, indigestion

23
Q

What is an alternative word for indigestion?

Think of pepsi..burping…begins with a D

A

Dyspepsia

24
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

Contents of the stomach push through the esophageal hiatus. Openings at either side of the esophagus (openings/weakness)

25
Q

A hiatus hernia is divided into 2 categories name them.

A

Rolling or Sliding

26
Q

Which muscle blends with the crus of the diaphragm?

A

Psoas

27
Q

What is the Orgin and insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments.
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (attach directly to ribs 11-12).
Xiphoid process of the sternum.

28
Q

What is the O,I,A and nerve innervation of the iliopsoas?

A

Origin
Iliac fossa
(T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) and intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor)

Insertion: Femur: lesser trochanter

Nerve Innervation
Iliacus: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Psoas major: anterior rami of spinal nerves (L1-L3)

29
Q

Name contraindications to lymphatic technique

A 
High fever
Peripheral infection
Cancer
DVT 
Compartment syndrome
30
Q

How many lymphatic nodes are in the body?

How many nodes are present in the head and neck?

A

800 in the body

300 in the head and neck

31
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains?

A

The right lymphatic duct drains the right thorax, upper limb, head and neck

32
Q

The left lymphatic duct drains?

A

The rest of the body

33
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system via which vein?

A

at the left brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

The left brachiocephalic vein lies between which two veins?

A

between the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

35
Q

How is lymph formed?

A

It is formed when fluid leaves the capillary bed in tissues due to hydrostatic pressure. Roughly 10% of blood volume becomes lymph.

36
Q

What is the composition of lymph

A

The composition of lymph is fairly similar to that of blood plasma, with the majority of the volume (around 95%) comprised of water.

The remaining 5% is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates (mainly glucose), various ions and some cells (mainly lymphocytes), although this can vary depending on where in the body the lymph is produced.

37
Q

Lymph produced in which system contains the highest concentration of fats?

A

(lymph that is produced in the gastrointestinal system) is particularly rich in fats.

38
Q

How many litres does the average adult produce each day.

A

The average adult produces between 3-4 litres of lymphatic fluid each day, although this can vary in illness.

39
Q

The majority of lymphatic nodes are located?

A

Within the abdomen

40
Q

How does lymph move through the body? (4)

A
  1. The motion of muscles and joints
  2. Gravity
  3. Breathing, producing a pump like action
  4. Pulsation of the artery that runs alongside the lymphatic vessels promotes the movement of lymph
    The
41
Q

Do lymphatic vessels contain values?

If so, why?

A

Yes, to prevent the backflow of lymph.

It moves in one direction, towards the lymphatic nodes

42
Q

What are lymphatic vessels?

A

Lymphatic vessels are the network of capillaries (microvessels) and large network of tubes located throughout the body that transport lymph away from tissues.

43
Q

What where do lymphatic vessels transport lymph to?

A

Lymphatic nodes

44
Q

What is a lymphatic node

What do they contain

A

Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.

45
Q

The cisterna chyli is an extension of which duct?

A

The right thoracic duct

46
Q

What is the cisterna chyli ?

It is made from the union of 3, trunks name them.

A

The cisterna chyli is a dilation of lymphatic tissue formed by the union of three trunks.

  1. Left and right lumber lymph trunk
  2. Intestinal trunk
47
Q

What lymph does the cisterna chyli receive?

A

All lymph below the diaphragm

48
Q

The cisterna chyli drains lymph into which duct?

A

The right thoracic duct

49
Q

The right thoracic duct drain into which vein?

A

Right brachiocephalic

50
Q

The right brachiocephalic is formed by the union of which two veins>

A

The right subclavian and the right internal jugular

51
Q

The brachiocephalic vein drains into?

A

The superior vena cava

52
Q

The superior and inferior vena cava drains into?

A

The right atrium

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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