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Osteopathy Term 2 > The Spinal Cord & Divisions of the Nervous System > Flashcards

The Spinal Cord & Divisions of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 distinct branches of the nervous system.

A

The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Which components make up the two branches of the nervous system?

A

CNS (brain, brain stem and the spinal cord)

PNS (12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves, ganglion

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3
Q

How many pairs of sensory nerves do we have?

A

43 pairs of sensory nerves

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4
Q

How many spinal and cranial nerves do we have?

A

31 spinal

12 cranial

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5
Q

How many nerves contribute towards the formation of the following:

  1. Cervical Nerves
  2. Thoracic Nerves
  3. Lumber Nerves
  4. Sacral Nerves
  5. Coccygeal
A

Cervical Nerves
4 cervical /4 Brachial

Thoracic Nerves
12 thoracic

Lumber Nerves
5 Lumber

Sacral Nerves
5 Sacral

Coccygeal
1 coccygeal

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6
Q

Which artery supplies the spinal cord?

A

The anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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7
Q

Where is the Sacral plexus in relation to the Sacrum?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Where is the Lumbar Plexus in relation to the Sacrum?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

The spinal cord enlarges at what two levels?

A

The cervical enlargement is located proximally, at the C4-T1 level. The spinal cord also enlarges between L2 and S3.

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10
Q

Can you explain why the spinal nerves enlarge at certain points?

A

Enlargement occurs at the cervical due to the formation of the brachial and the lumbosacral plexus.

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11
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into 2 subdivisions. Name them.

A

Sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary conscious control of skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic

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13
Q

What type of nerves innervate muscles?

A

Motor nerves/efferent nerves

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is responsible for the contraction of muscles?

A

Acetylecholine

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15
Q

Which system controls all of our bodily functions that are out with our conscious control?

A

Autonomic

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16
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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18
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for 90 percent of information sent through the PSNS?

A

Vegus nerve

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19
Q

Which division of the nervous system inhibits the GI function?

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Which division of the nervous system promotes an increase in blood pressure?
Why is blood pressure increased?

A

Sympathetic

Adrenaline constricts arteries

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21
Q

Which division of the nervous system facilitates the GI tract?

A

Parasymathetic nervous system

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22
Q

Which division of the nervous system promotes the secretion of saliva?

A

Parasympathetic

23
Q

Which nerves leave the jugular foramen?

A

Vegus nerve, accessory nerve 11, glossopharyngeal

24
Q

Which cervical nerves exit above the level of the corresponding vertebrae?

A

C1 to C7

25
Q

Which cervical nerves exit below the level of the corresponding vertebrae?

A

C8

26
Q

Which nerve exits below C7/T1?

A

C8

27
Q

Name the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

The musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, axillary, and radial nerves.

28
Q

What is the level of the lumber plexus?

A

T1, L1 to L4

29
Q

What Is the level of the sacral plexus?

A

L4 to S4

30
Q

Which nerve is responsible for meralgia paresthetica? At what level?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, L2/3

31
Q

Which is the nerve root level of the femoral nerve? What muscles does it innervate?

A

L2 to L4
Anterior division, sartorius, pectineus, illiacus,
Posterior division. Quadriceps

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the adductors? At what level?

A

Obturator nerve, L2 to L4

33
Q

What is the nerve root level of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 to S3 (Five nerves which conjoin as one)

34
Q

The sciatic nerve is split into the tibial and fibular branches. Name the nerve root levels.

A

Tibial nerve L4 to S3

Fibular nerve L4 to S2

35
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus? Level?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve, L5 to S2

36
Q

Which nerve innervates the TFL?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

37
Q

What is the nerve root to the pudendal nerve?

A

S2 to S4

38
Q

Which sphincters does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

Urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter

39
Q

What condition is associated with a reduction in sensation to the perineum?

A

Saddle Anastacia

40
Q

The spinal cord stems from the brain stem to?

A

L2

41
Q

What does the spinal card travel within?

A

Spinal canal/cavity

42
Q

Name the three layers of the spinal cord?

A

Dura Matter, Arachnoid Matter, Pia Matter

43
Q

Where is CSP found?

A

The space between the arachnoid matter and the pia matter (Arachnoid space)

44
Q

Which cells produce CSP?

A

Ependymal cells

45
Q
  1. What is the function of CSP?
A

Supplies the brain and spinal cord with the nutrients they need

46
Q

The spinal cord ends?

A

The spinal cord ends at the conus medullaris

47
Q

Which fibrous band extends from the cons medullaris?

A

The filum terminale (FT) is a fibrous band that extends from the conus medullaris.

48
Q

Which nerve and level innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve L2/3

49
Q

Which muscles 3 muscles are innervated by the S1 nerve root?

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneal

50
Q

Where does the filum terminale end?

A

periosteum of the coccyx

51
Q

The elongation of the spinal cord stops at age?

A

4/5

52
Q

Why does the cauda equina form?

A

During the growth process, the elongation of the spinal cord stops around age 4 to 5, however the vertebral column continues to grow stretching the cord and giving the appearance of a horse’s tail.

53
Q

Damage to which spinal nerve root level results in quadriplegia?

A

C4

54
Q

Damage to the T6 nerve root results in which form of paralysis?

A

Paralysis below the chest.

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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