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Osteopathy Term 2 > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones are secreted by the endocrine system into? (2)

A

Blood stream

Extracellular fluid

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2
Q 
what do the following words mean
endo 
crine
Intercellular 
Extracellular
A

Endo/ within
Crine/ secrete
Inter/ within cell
Extra/out with cell

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3
Q

How many main organs are part of the endocrine system?

Which organs have secondary functions to secrete hormones?

A

10 organs

Kidney, heart, liver, stomach, skin

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4
Q

What hormones do the following secrete?
A. Kidneys
B. Heart tip…ANP

A

A. Erythropoietin

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

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5
Q

What is the function of Erythropoietin ?

A

Encourages the cells to undergo maturation, increasing the number of RBC to compensate for hypoxia

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6
Q

What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide ?

A

Targets the nephrons of the kidneys to promote sodium retention thus increasing urination and decreasingn blood pressure

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7
Q

The endocrine system works along what other system to retain homeostasis?

A

Nervous system

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8
Q

How does the nervous system communicate with nervous tissue?

  1. Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
  2. Chemical messengers (hormones)
A
  1. Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
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9
Q

How does the endocrine system communicate with organs/glands?

  1. Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
  2. Chemical messengers (hormones)
A

2.Chemical messengers (hormones)

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10
Q

Do hormones act on all cells/organs?

A

No, only organs/cells with compatible receptors

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11
Q

Where are receptors located?

A

Within or on the surface, depending on the target cell

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12
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands ?
Give examples

What is the main difference between the two

A 
Endocrine glands 
Part of the endocrine system 
Located within the body 
DO NOT HAVE DUCTS
Pancreas

Exocrine glands
Not part of the endocrine system
CONTAIN DUCTS
Tear ducts/ sweat glands

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13
Q

Name three effects of hormones on the body

A

Stimulates protein sympathies
Stimulates mitosis (cell division)
Stimulates the activation/deactivation of enzymes

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14
Q

Which two hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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15
Q

What is cell division called?

A

Mitosis

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16
Q

Which cells produce glucagon?
What is the function of glucagon?
When is glucagon released?

A

Alpha cells
Stimulates the release of glucose from the liver (hepatic)
When blood sugar levels are too low

17
Q

Which cells produce insulin?
What is the function of insulin?
When is insulin released?

A

Beta cells
To decrease blood sugar levels
Promotes the absorption of glucose by the liver, muscles and cells

18
Q

Receptors on the inside of cells or on the surface detect hormones via which process?

What type of cells contain specific receptors to bind with homrones?

A

Signal transduction

Target cells

19
Q

Does glucagon increase or decrease blood sugar levels?

A

Increase

20
Q

Name the three classifications of hormones

A

Tropic, sex, anabolic

21
Q

What do the following target?

Tropic, sex, anabolic

A

Tropic Targets endocrine glands
sex Targets reproductive organs
anabolic Brings about anabolism

22
Q

What is hormone solubility?

A

The hormones ability to dissolve in water

23
Q

Are steroid hormones liquid or water soluble?

A

Lipid

24
Q

Are protein/ polypeptides liquid or water soluble?

A

Water

25
Q

All protein/polypeptide hormones water soluble?

A

No

Thyroxin is not

26
Q

What can water soluble hormones not cross?

A

Phospholipid bylayer of the cell membrane

27
Q

Do water soluble hormones bind to receptors on the surface or within the cell?

A

Surface of the cell

28
Q

Do liquid soluble hormones bind to receptors on the surface or within the cell?

A

within the cell

29
Q

What type of hormones are liquid soluble?

A

corticosteroid hormones

cortisol (catabolic)

30
Q

Where are corticosteroid hormones produced?

A

Adrenal glands (cortex)

31
Q

What is the outer and inner layer of the adrenal glands called?

A

Cortex (outer layer)

Medulla (inner layer)

32
Q

What hormone is released by the adrenal coretex?

What effect does this have on urination, bp?

A

Aldosterone
Decreases urination
Increased BP

33
Q

What is the master gland of the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary gland

34
Q

It contains how many lobes?

They are connected by?

A

Anterior and posterior

Intermediate lobe

35
Q

What does the pineal gland produce?

A

melatonin

36
Q

What is melatonin derived from?

A

Seratonin

37
Q

What rythum does melatonin regulate?

A

circadian rhythm

Sleep

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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