The Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormones are secreted by the endocrine system into? (2)
Blood stream
Extracellular fluid
what do the following words mean endo crine Intercellular Extracellular
Endo/ within
Crine/ secrete
Inter/ within cell
Extra/out with cell
How many main organs are part of the endocrine system?
Which organs have secondary functions to secrete hormones?
10 organs
Kidney, heart, liver, stomach, skin
What hormones do the following secrete?
A. Kidneys
B. Heart tip…ANP
A. Erythropoietin
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
What is the function of Erythropoietin ?
Encourages the cells to undergo maturation, increasing the number of RBC to compensate for hypoxia
What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide ?
Targets the nephrons of the kidneys to promote sodium retention thus increasing urination and decreasingn blood pressure
The endocrine system works along what other system to retain homeostasis?
Nervous system
How does the nervous system communicate with nervous tissue?
- Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
- Chemical messengers (hormones)
- Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
How does the endocrine system communicate with organs/glands?
- Neurotransmitters (Synapses)
- Chemical messengers (hormones)
2.Chemical messengers (hormones)
Do hormones act on all cells/organs?
No, only organs/cells with compatible receptors
Where are receptors located?
Within or on the surface, depending on the target cell
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands ?
Give examples
What is the main difference between the two
Endocrine glands Part of the endocrine system Located within the body DO NOT HAVE DUCTS Pancreas
Exocrine glands
Not part of the endocrine system
CONTAIN DUCTS
Tear ducts/ sweat glands
Name three effects of hormones on the body
Stimulates protein sympathies
Stimulates mitosis (cell division)
Stimulates the activation/deactivation of enzymes
Which two hormones does the pancreas produce?
Insulin and glucagon
What is cell division called?
Mitosis
Which cells produce glucagon?
What is the function of glucagon?
When is glucagon released?
Alpha cells
Stimulates the release of glucose from the liver (hepatic)
When blood sugar levels are too low
Which cells produce insulin?
What is the function of insulin?
When is insulin released?
Beta cells
To decrease blood sugar levels
Promotes the absorption of glucose by the liver, muscles and cells
Receptors on the inside of cells or on the surface detect hormones via which process?
What type of cells contain specific receptors to bind with homrones?
Signal transduction
Target cells
Does glucagon increase or decrease blood sugar levels?
Increase
Name the three classifications of hormones
Tropic, sex, anabolic
What do the following target?
Tropic, sex, anabolic
Tropic Targets endocrine glands
sex Targets reproductive organs
anabolic Brings about anabolism
What is hormone solubility?
The hormones ability to dissolve in water
Are steroid hormones liquid or water soluble?
Lipid
Are protein/ polypeptides liquid or water soluble?
Water
All protein/polypeptide hormones water soluble?
No
Thyroxin is not
What can water soluble hormones not cross?
Phospholipid bylayer of the cell membrane
Do water soluble hormones bind to receptors on the surface or within the cell?
Surface of the cell
Do liquid soluble hormones bind to receptors on the surface or within the cell?
within the cell
What type of hormones are liquid soluble?
corticosteroid hormones
cortisol (catabolic)
Where are corticosteroid hormones produced?
Adrenal glands (cortex)
What is the outer and inner layer of the adrenal glands called?
Cortex (outer layer)
Medulla (inner layer)
What hormone is released by the adrenal coretex?
What effect does this have on urination, bp?
Aldosterone
Decreases urination
Increased BP
What is the master gland of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland
It contains how many lobes?
They are connected by?
Anterior and posterior
Intermediate lobe
What does the pineal gland produce?
melatonin
What is melatonin derived from?
Seratonin
What rythum does melatonin regulate?
circadian rhythm
Sleep
