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Osteopathy Term 2 > Osteopathic Skills Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Osteopathic Skills Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key lumbar collecting node for the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic duct

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2
Q

What prevents the back flow of lymph in vessels?

A

Valves

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3
Q

What promotes the flow of lymph?

A

Movement of muscles/Joints Profusion of blood via arteries GravityInversion Action of the diaphragm (Pressure differential)

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4
Q

Lymphatic channels begin as?

A

blind ended capillaries

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5
Q

The right lymphatic duct is responsible for draining the lymph from?

A

The upper right quadrant of the body Right side of the head and neck Right arm Right side of the thorax

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6
Q

How many lymph nodes are present in and adults body?

A

400/450 lymphatic nodes

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7
Q

The lymphatic system contribute towards the formation of what system?

A

The lymphatic system

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8
Q

What type of fluid is lymph?

A

transudative fluid (A fluid low in protein)

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9
Q

How is lymph produced? What percentage of blood volume becomes lymph?

A

Blood leaves the capillary bed in tissues due to hydrostatic pressure. Roughly 10% of blood volume becomes lymph.

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10
Q

The average adult produces how many litres of lymph per day?

A

3-4 litres

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11
Q

What is the composition of lymph?

A

The composition of lymph is fairly similar to that of blood plasma, with the majority of the volume (around 95%) comprised of water. The remaining 5% is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates (mainly glucose), various ions and some cells (mainly lymphocytes).

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12
Q

What transports lymph around the body?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

Place the following into order 1. Lymph channels 2. Lymph nodes 3. Lymph vessels 4. Lymphatic ducts

A

Lymph channels Lymph vessels Lymph nodes Lymphatic ducts

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14
Q

The left thoracic duct is responsible for draining the lymph from?

A

The upper left quadrant of the body Right side of the head and neck Right arm Right side of the thorax Lower limbs

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15
Q

Lymph produced in what tract, contains a higher concentration of fats

A

Gastrointestinal tract

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16
Q

The left thoracic duct drains into?

A

Venous system at the junction between the left subclavian and internal jugular

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17
Q

The left and right subclavian veins are an extension of?

A

Brachiocephalic veins

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18
Q

The brachiocephalic veins drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

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19
Q

What is the function of vena cava?

A

Venous return of deoxygenated blood from regions above the level of the diaphragm.

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20
Q

The vena cava drains deoxygenated blood into?

A

Right atrium (receiving chambre)

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21
Q

What is the largest lymph vessel in the body?

A

The left thoracic duct

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22
Q

Which dilated sac is situated inferior at the end of the left thoracic duct?

A

Crysterna chyli

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23
Q

Where is the left crysterna chyli located?

A

Anterior to the bodies of L1/2 and posterior to the right crus of the diaphragm

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24
Q

The cysterna chyli is made from union of how many trunks? Name them.

A

3 trunks Left and right lumber trunks Intestinal trunk

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25
Q

Name three organs within the body that contain lymphatic tissue and describe they’re function.

A

Red Bone marrow Responsible for the maturation of immature lymphocyte Thyums Responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocyte Spleen Functions mainly as a blood filter, removing old red blood cells. It also plays a role in the immune response.

26
Q

Where is red bone marrow found?

A

epiphysis of long bones (cancellous bone) High concentration flat bones

27
Q

Where is the thymus located? Anterior to? Posterior to?

A

Anterior to the pericardium of the heart and posterior to the manubrium of the sternum

28
Q

Which nerves innervate the thymus? (2) Tip..one is a chain

A

Vagus nerve and cervical sympathetic chain

29
Q

Where is the liver located? It lies in line with which ribs? What role does the liver play in the immune system?

A

On the upper right hand side of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Ribs 7,8,9 The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria, viruses, and macromolecules.

30
Q

The spleen is in line with which ribs? Where is it located? It lies adjacent to what what structure of the digestive system?

A

9,10,11 Upper left hand side of the abdomen Adjacent Posterior to the stomach

31
Q

In this picture what lymphatic node is swollen?

What is this known as?

Why has this node enlarged?

Where does it drain lymph from?

A

Supraclavicular node

Virchow’s node (VIRCOWS NODE)

Receive lymph from the abdominal cavity.

Specifically the gastic, ovarian, testicular and kidney cancer. Indicates malignancy.

32
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Reservoir for blood and lymphocytes Filtration Removes old blood cells (erythrocytes)

33
Q

Name 7 infra diaphragmatic techniques

A
  1. Pedal Pump
  2. Knee Drainage
  3. Thigh Twists
  4. Inguinal Pump
  5. Cysterna Chyli
  6. Hepatic Pump
  7. Splenic Pump
34
Q

A complete lymphatic treatment always begins and ends with what technique?

A

thoracic pump

35
Q

Name relevent contraindications of lymphatic technique.

A
  1. Melignancy (Cancer)
  2. osteopenia
  3. osteoporosis
  4. Osteomalacia (vitamin D deficiency)
  5. Hepititis
  6. Spleen inflammation (splenomegaly)
  7. Rheumatoid athiritis
  8. Osteomyelitis
  9. DVT
  10. Compartment syndrome
  11. If the patient is using anticoagulants (To prevent blood clots)
  12. Uncontrolled high blood pressure
  13. Unstable cardiac conditions/angina
36
Q

The pedal pump technique uses what mechanism?

Explain how this mechanism works?

A

Calf pump mechanism

Dorsiflexion of the foot, the lymphatic vessels are compressed between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.

Encouraging the flow of lymph towards the heart.

37
Q

Whilst performing the pedal pump technique, the recoil of the foot creates what type of pressure?

A

Negative pressure, assisting with the movement of lymph towards the heart.

38
Q

Name 5 contraindications to the pedal pump

A
  1. DVT
  2. Compartment syndrome
  3. Ankle Sprain
  4. Achillies strain
  5. Recent fracture/Inversion sprain
39
Q
  1. Knee drainage technique, collects lymph from? (3)
  2. How does this technique help promote the flow of lymph?
  3. Lymph is drained into what nodes?
A
  1. Lower extremity

Knee, calf, foot, ankle

  1. Gravity

Movement of joints

Removes fascial restrictions

  1. Deep and superfical popliteal nodes
40
Q

Name the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Contents? Lateal to medial

A

Lateral (Biceps femoris)

Medial (Medial hamstrings)

Base (2 heads of the gastrocnemius)

Tibial nerve, popliteal artery, vein

41
Q
  1. Explain the mechanism behind thigh twists.
  2. Thigh twists help to promote the movement of lymph from the popliteal nodes towards?
A

The twisting motion of the thigh, creates a localised suction effect.

  1. Popliteal toward the inguinal
42
Q
  1. Name the boundaries to the femoral triangle.
  2. Boundaries?
  3. What lymphatic nodes are present in the femoral triangle?
A
  1. Superior (Inguinal ligament)

Medial (Sartorius)

Lateral (Adductor Longus)

  1. N.A.V.E.L
  2. Deep and superficial inguinal nodes
43
Q

What contraindications could prevent the application of the inguinal pump.

A

Knee, hip pathology

44
Q

What is the mechanism behind the inguinal pump?

A

Circumduction of the hip with overpressure over the roof of the femoral triangle helps to promote the flow of lymph towards the heart.

Gravity/compression

45
Q

The deep and superficial lymphatic nodes drain into?

A

Superficial and deep illiac nodes

46
Q

The cisterna chyli is made from which three trunks?

Where is it located?

Where does it drain lymph from?

A
  1. Left and right lumber trunk, Intestinal trunk
  2. Anterior L1/2, Posterior to the crus of the right diaphragm
  3. Receives lymph from gastrointestinal tract, celliac,mesenteric nodes
47
Q

The cysterna chyli is an extension of what duct?

A

Left thoracic duct

48
Q

What is the mechanism behind cysterna chyli

A

Traction with left rotation over the hip influences the pumping motion of the cysterna chyli between the vertebrae and the crus of the diaphragm.

50
Q

The cysterna chyi travels through which aperture of the diaphragm?

A

Aortic hiatus

51
Q

Sibsons facia is also known as?

It is an extension of what connective tissue?

A

Suprapleural membrane

52
Q

What are the boundaries of sibons fascia

A

inner border of the first rib and costal cartilage anteriorly, C7 transverse process posteriorly and to the mediastinal pleura medially.

53
Q

What is the function of sibsons fascia?

A

provide rigidity to the thoracic inlet that prevents distortion due to changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration

54
Q

Why would tension via sibsons facia cause effect the lymphatic system?

A

Somatic dysfunction of sibsons facia could inhibit lymphatic drainage

55
Q

Why would the clavicular pump be contraindicated?

A

Adhesive capsilitis

Rotator cuff strain

Ligament sprain

Recent history of A/C or S/C joint sprain/dislocation

56
Q

Which lymphatic nodes does the shoulder pump help to drain?

A

Clavicular lymph nodes

57
Q

Name contraindications for the thoracic pump

A

Metastaric cancer

Costocondritis

Angina

Heart condition

Recent rib fracture

Osteoporosis etc

58
Q

Explain the mechanism behind the thoraic pump technique

A

Inspiration released created a sudden negative intrathoraic pressure, creating a suction effect opening the thoracic ducts

59
Q

What is lymph?

What is its composition?

A

Derived from interstitial fluid

Similar composition to plasma but contains a high concentration of protein, lipids, water, lymphocytes

60
Q

What fluid acts as the lympahtic system of the brain

61
Q

How is lymph formed?

A

Plasma is filtered by blood capillaries to form interstitial fluid

Received by blind ended capillaries which enters into the lymphatic vessels

62
Q

What is the function of lymph

A

Plays a key role in the bodys immune defense

Helps to drain interstitial fluid

Helps to drain fluid from the periphery and areas of inflammation

Osteopathy Term 2 (28 decks)

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