Thoracic Radiology Flashcards
Be familiar with images/labels shown in class
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What ribs are most commonly fractured and how do you find them?
xrays-hard, CT-easier to find
may see hematoma overlying fracture
most likely ribs 4-10
assx with PTX, injuries to spleen, liver and kidney
what is a spontaneous PTX?
spontaneous rupture of alveoli through visceral pleura so air leaks into cavity
lungs collapse, compress mediastinal structures/vessels
risks-smoking, COPD, CF, inhertied apical bleb
What is a tension PTX?
air enters throax but cannot exit; lung collapses but also impaired venous return and can lead to cardiac arrest
due to: trauma, positive pressure ventilation during resucitation
What is the pulmonary meniscus sign?
seen with pleural effusion on xray
due to surface tension between two different fluids (serous fluid and pleural effusion)
accumulates in the costophrenic (costodiaphragmatic) recess on PA radiograph and in substernal region on lateral views
What is the coin sign
solitary round circle shadow on xray
may be calcified
may be asympt.
causes: TB, neoplasm, cysts, vascular anomalies
what are kerley A lines?
diagnonal lines running from hila to periphery
often caused by distension of anastomotic channels between peripheral and central lymphatics
What are Kerley B lines?
short parallel lines at the periphery, perpendicular to pleura
causes: Pulmonary edema, lymphoma, PNA
What is cardiac tamponade?
fluid buildup in pericardial cavity
obstructs blood flow
“water bottle heart”
causes: neoplasm, pericarditis, effusion due to renal failure, trauma
Sx: Beck’s triad (distant heart sounds, JVD, hypOtension) and may have signs of shock
What is an echocardiogram?
doppler of the heart that shows an upward apex with red indicating flow toward probe and blue indicating flow away from probe
turbulence is when the colors mix
regurgitation through tricuspid valve can be seen on images as well
