Normal ECG Flashcards

1
Q

In which leads is the P wave positive?

In which leads is the P wave inverted?

P wave will be up or down in which leads?

A

1, 2, V4, V5, V6 and aVF

aVR

3, aVL, other chest leads

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2
Q

What is the acceptable range for the P-R interval?

A

.12 to .20 seconds

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3
Q

What is the acceptable range for the QRS interval?

What is the acceptable range for a Q wave?

A

.05 to .10 seconds

no more than .03 sec and 1-2mm tall in 1, aVL, aVF, V5 and V6

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4
Q

What is the acceptable elevation for the ST segment?

What is the acceptable depression for the ST segment?

A

No more than 1mm in standard leads

No more than 2mm in chest leads

No more than 1/2mm

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5
Q

In which leads is the T wave positive?

In which leads is the T wave inverted?

In which leads is the T wave variable?

A

1, 2, V3-V6

aVR

3, aVL, aVF, V1-2

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6
Q

What is the acceptable range for height of the T wave?

A

5mm in standard leads

10mm in precordial leads

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7
Q

What might an elongated QRS interval signify?

A

Bundle branch block

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8
Q

What are the “official” values for tachycardia and bradycardia?

A

Tachycardia = >100 bmp

Bradycardia = <60 bpm

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9
Q

What may an ST depression indicate?

What may an ST elevation indicate?

A

subendoardial ischemia

subepicardial or transmural injury or ischemia

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10
Q

What is the concern associated with inverted T waves?

With tall upright T waves?

A

ischemia

hyperkalemia

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11
Q

What is the concern associated with ST elevation?

What is the concern associated with a Q wave/QS complex?

A

pattern of injury (ischmia)

pattern of necrosis or infarct

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12
Q

Exaggerated upright T waves in a pt without chest pain or hx concerning for CAD and without s/s of hyperkalemia can be said to be

A

a normal variant

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13
Q

abnormal, notched P waves taller in lead I than in lead 3 are associated with what?

Flat P in lead I that gets tall and point in lead 2-3 is assocaited with what?

Inverted P in leads 2-3 with short PR interval is associated with what?

A

P-mitrale (mitral dz, p wave kinda looks like an “m”)

P-pulmonale, pulmonary valve dz

AV junctional rhythm

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14
Q

What is associated with a R-S-R’-S’ reading?

What is associated with a very prominent Q wave?

A

bundle branch block

Old infarction

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15
Q

What does it mean if you see ST depression after 2 min of exercise?

A

impending CAD/infarct

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16
Q

What makes up a “Normal Sinus Rhythm”?

A

P:QRS = 1

with P wave preceding QRS

other dz can have this pattern (ectopic atrial, MAT -lung dz, wandering atrial pacemaker, etc)

17
Q

What are the possible concerns associated with a P wave that follows the QRS?

A

SVT (AV nodal re-entry tachycardia)

Junctional Rhythm

18
Q

What are some of the concerns associated with No P waves?

A

Atrial fibrillation

atrial flutter

junctional or ventricular escape rhythms

junctional tachycardia

VT

19
Q

what can cause a LAD?

What can cause a RAD?

A

pregnancy, tymor, ascites, etc

lung dz

20
Q

Easy way to determine axis

A

normal-positive deflection in leads I and aVF

LAD=positive in lead I and neg in aVF

RAD=neg in lead I and pos in aVF

21
Q

What are the perpendicular leads?

A

I - aVF

II-aVL

III-aVR

22
Q

How to find axis (my words, tell me if I’m wrong)

A

look to see if Lead I and aVF are both positive or if one is negative (determines left or right or normal) then look at smallest QRS complex on EKG and go to whatever lead is perpendicular to that. Use that to determine the value (-30, -60, -90, -180,30, 60, 90, etc.)

I think…..

23
Q

Know how to find rate by counting R waves

A

From R wave to R wave count 300-150-100-75-60-50 and guestimate rate