Cardiac Cycle and Sounds

Question 1

What is the range for ventricular volume?

Answer 1

120 to ~50

Question 2

What do we call the sudden uptick in aortic pressure when the aortic valve closes?

Answer 2

The dicrotic notch

Question 3

What on the EKG is happening as the dicrotic notch is happening?

Answer 3

The T wave is winding down

Question 4

Where does the period of isovolumetric relaxation fall on the EKG?

Answer 4

Just after the T wave

Question 5

Why does the aortic pressure drop a while after the ventricle contracts?

Answer 5

Because of peripheral runoff (blood entering the peripheral tissues)

Question 6

Why does jugular pressure increase just after the P wave?

Answer 6

Because the atria contract and squeeze the jugular.

Question 7

When is the peak in ventricular pressure relative to the EKG?

Answer 7

Just before the T wave

Question 8

What is the P-wave of the EKG associated with?

Answer 8

Atrial depolarization

aka atrial systole aka atrial contraction

Initiated by SA node

Question 9

What does the QRS on the EKG represent?

Answer 9

Ventricular depolarization

aka ventricular contraction aka ventricular systole

Question 10

What does the T wave on the EKG indicate?

Answer 10

Ventricular repolarization

aka diastole aka relaxation of the ventricles.

Question 11

Closing of what valve produces the dicrotic notch?

Answer 11

The aortic valve

Question 12

What are the two reasons a heart murmur can form?

Answer 12

blood is moving in a direction it shouldn’t be moving

blood is having a hard time moving in the direction it should

Question 13

What are the two types of systolic murmur?

Answer 13

blood is backflowing into the atria due to mitral/bicuspid valve regurgitation

OR

blood can’t get into the aorta/pulmonary a. due to stenosis

Question 14

What are the two reasons for diastolic murmur?

Answer 14

blood is backflowing from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricle, caused by regurgitation (aortic regurgitation)

OR

blood can’t get into the ventricle due to stenosis

Question 15

Be able to know and draw all the parts of the cardiac cycle graph for the exam

Answer 15

–

Question 16

Which pressure is higher during the mid-late stage of ventricular diastole (filling)

Atrial or Ventricular?

Answer 16

Atrial P is higher

Question 17

Which pressure is higher during mid-late ventricular diastole (filling)

Arterial or Ventricular

Answer 17

Arterial P is higher

Question 18

In mid-late ventricular diastole (filling), which valves are opened and which are closed?

Answer 18

Mitral and Tricuspid valves are OPEN

Aortic and Pulmonic valves are CLOSED

Question 19

In what phase of the EKG is the mid-late ventricular diastole (filling) phase?

Answer 19

P-wave

Question 20

During isovolumetric contraction, which pressure is higher?

Atrial or Ventricular?

Answer 20

Ventricular P is higher

Question 21

During isovolumetric contraction, which pressure is higher?

Arterial or Ventricular?

Answer 21

Arterial P is higher

Question 22

During isovolumetric contraction, which valves are open and which are closed?

Answer 22

mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonic all CLOSED

S1

Question 23

In what phase of the EKG is isovolumetric contraction and mid-late ventricular systole?

Answer 23

QRS Complex

Question 24

During Mid-Late ventricular systole, which pressure is higher?

Atrial or Ventricular?

Answer 24

Ventricular P is higher

Question 25

During mid-late ventricular systole, which pressure is higher?

Arterial or Ventricular?

Answer 25

Ventricular P is higher

Question 26

During the mid-late ventricular systole phase, which valves are open and which are closed?

Answer 26

mitral and tricuspid-closed

aortic and pulmonic-opened

Question 27

During isovolumetric relaxation, which pressure is higher?

Atrial or Ventricular?

Answer 27

Ventricular P is higher

(ventricular pressure is higher during the phase but is rapidly decreasing; the phase ends when atrial pressure rises above ventricular)

Question 28

During isovolumetric relaxation, which pressure is higher?

Arterial or Ventricular?

Answer 28

Arterial P is higher

Question 29

During isovolumetric relaxation, which valves are open and which are clsoed?

Answer 29

mitral valve and tricuspid are closed

aortic and pulmonic are clsoed

S2

Question 30

At what point in the EKG is isovolumetric relaxation occuring?

Answer 30

at the T-wave