Cardiac Cycle and Sounds Flashcards
What is the range for ventricular volume?
120 to ~50
What do we call the sudden uptick in aortic pressure when the aortic valve closes?
The dicrotic notch
What on the EKG is happening as the dicrotic notch is happening?
The T wave is winding down
Where does the period of isovolumetric relaxation fall on the EKG?
Just after the T wave
Why does the aortic pressure drop a while after the ventricle contracts?
Because of peripheral runoff (blood entering the peripheral tissues)
Why does jugular pressure increase just after the P wave?
Because the atria contract and squeeze the jugular.
When is the peak in ventricular pressure relative to the EKG?
Just before the T wave
What is the P-wave of the EKG associated with?
Atrial depolarization
aka atrial systole aka atrial contraction
Initiated by SA node
What does the QRS on the EKG represent?
Ventricular depolarization
aka ventricular contraction aka ventricular systole
What does the T wave on the EKG indicate?
Ventricular repolarization
aka diastole aka relaxation of the ventricles.
Closing of what valve produces the dicrotic notch?
The aortic valve
What are the two reasons a heart murmur can form?
blood is moving in a direction it shouldn’t be moving
blood is having a hard time moving in the direction it should
What are the two types of systolic murmur?
blood is backflowing into the atria due to mitral/bicuspid valve regurgitation
OR
blood can’t get into the aorta/pulmonary a. due to stenosis
What are the two reasons for diastolic murmur?
blood is backflowing from the aorta or pulmonary artery into the ventricle, caused by regurgitation (aortic regurgitation)
OR
blood can’t get into the ventricle due to stenosis
Be able to know and draw all the parts of the cardiac cycle graph for the exam
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Which pressure is higher during the mid-late stage of ventricular diastole (filling)
Atrial or Ventricular?
Atrial P is higher
Which pressure is higher during mid-late ventricular diastole (filling)
Arterial or Ventricular
Arterial P is higher
In mid-late ventricular diastole (filling), which valves are opened and which are closed?
Mitral and Tricuspid valves are OPEN
Aortic and Pulmonic valves are CLOSED
In what phase of the EKG is the mid-late ventricular diastole (filling) phase?
P-wave
During isovolumetric contraction, which pressure is higher?
Atrial or Ventricular?
Ventricular P is higher
During isovolumetric contraction, which pressure is higher?
Arterial or Ventricular?
Arterial P is higher
During isovolumetric contraction, which valves are open and which are closed?
mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonic all CLOSED
S1
In what phase of the EKG is isovolumetric contraction and mid-late ventricular systole?
QRS Complex
During Mid-Late ventricular systole, which pressure is higher?
Atrial or Ventricular?
Ventricular P is higher
During mid-late ventricular systole, which pressure is higher?
Arterial or Ventricular?
Ventricular P is higher
During the mid-late ventricular systole phase, which valves are open and which are closed?
mitral and tricuspid-closed
aortic and pulmonic-opened
During isovolumetric relaxation, which pressure is higher?
Atrial or Ventricular?
Ventricular P is higher
(ventricular pressure is higher during the phase but is rapidly decreasing; the phase ends when atrial pressure rises above ventricular)
During isovolumetric relaxation, which pressure is higher?
Arterial or Ventricular?
Arterial P is higher
During isovolumetric relaxation, which valves are open and which are clsoed?
mitral valve and tricuspid are closed
aortic and pulmonic are clsoed
S2
At what point in the EKG is isovolumetric relaxation occuring?
at the T-wave
