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CPR Exam 1 > CP Formation of the Body Cavities > Flashcards

CP Formation of the Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Early in the fourth week, where is the septum transversum relative to the developing heart?

How does it end up below the heart?

A

The septum transversum is rostral to the heart

Longitudinal (Median) folding pushes the septum transversum down and under the heart.

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2
Q

What are the relative locations of the septum transversum, heart, and oropharyngeal membrane in the late fourth week?

A

Anterior to posterior:

Oropharyngeal Membrane,

Heart,

Septum Transversum

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3
Q

What structures are overgrown by the tail fold?

A

The cloaca and the connecting stalk

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4
Q

What is the splanchnopleura made of?

A

Splanchnic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

Endoderm making up the yolk sac

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5
Q

What is the somatopleura made of?

A

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm

Ectoderm surrounding embryonic cavity

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6
Q

Which pleura comes from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Parietal pleura

(Soma means body, the parietal side is on the body wall)

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7
Q

Which pleura comes from the splanchnic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Visceral pleura

Splanchnicus in modern latin means “entrails,” and viscus means “organs.” They go together.

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8
Q

In what disease is the heart found outside the body after birth?

A

Ectopia Cordis

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9
Q

What are the four major symptoms of Ectopia Cordis?

A

Heart outside the body

No pericardium

Bifed sternum

Death

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10
Q

What embryonic layer do the pleuroperitoneal and pleuropericardial folds come from?

A

Somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

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11
Q

What separates the pericardial cavity from the peritoneal cavity?

A

The septum transversum and the pleuroperitoneal membrane coming together to form the thoracic diaphragm.

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12
Q

What does the dorsal mesentary of the esophagus give rise to in the thoracic diaphragm?

A

The crura

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13
Q

What does the septum transversum give rise to in the thoracic diaphragm?

A

The central tendon

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14
Q

The intraembryonic coelom divides the lateral mesoderm into what two structures?

A

somatic layer of lateral mesoderm

splanchnic layer of lateral mesoderm

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15
Q

The somatic layer of lateral mesoderm is continuous with what?

The splanchnic layer of lateral mesoderm is continuous with what?

A

the extraembryonic mesoderm covering amnion

the extraembryonic mesoderm covering umbilical vesicle

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16
Q

The somatopleure is made of what and forms what?

the splanchnopleure is made of what and forms what?

A

somatic mesoderm and embryonic ectoderm

forms body wall

splanichnic mesoderm and embryonic endoderm

forms embryonic gut

17
Q

What are the steps of embryonic head folding?

A
  1. embryo elongates cranially and caudally (wk4)
  2. Neural folds project dorsally and overgrow oropharyngeal membrane
  3. Overgrowth moves septum transversum, primordial heart, pericardial coelom, and oropharyngeal membrane to ventral surface
  4. part of the endoderm of the umbilical vesicle is incorporated as the foregut
18
Q

What structures/compartments are present after head folding ?

A
  • pericardial cavity is ventral​
  • pericardioperitoneal canals run dorsally on each side of the forgut
  • intraembryonic and extraembryonic coeloms are in communication
19
Q

What structures move during tail folding?

how does this affect the primitive streak?

A

caudal eminence prjects over cloacal membrane and will form hindgut (from endoderm) and cloaca

primitive streak lies craninal to cloacal before folding, after folding it lies caudal

20
Q

What is the process of lateral folding and what is formed as a result

A

SC and somites grow rapidly, causing lateral folds to form and fuse forming a cylinder

midgut forms as well as the omphaloenteric duct between the umbilical vesicle and the midgut, amniotic cavity expands, reducing extremebryonic coelom

21
Q

What is gastroschisis?

what is congenital epigastric hernia?

A

protrustion of viscera such that it is exposed to amniotic fluid, typically right of umbilical cord

bulge of abdominal wall between xiphoid and umbilicus, not exposed like gastroschisis

22
Q

What are the three divisions of the intraembryonic coelom?

A

pericardial cavity

pleural cavities

peritoneal cavity

23
Q

After head folding where are the following structures located?

pericardial cavity:

pericardioperitoneal canals

perinoeal cavity

A

ventrally, anterior to foregut, cranial to septum transversum

dorsal to foregut, dorsal to septum transversum,

where IE and EE coeloms are continuous

24
Q

What is the purpose of the dorsal mesentery?

A

suspends the caudal foregut, midgut and hungut in the peritoneal cavity

25
Q

The septum transversum is the primordium of what?

A

the central tendon of the diaphragm

26
Q

Describe the formation of the pleuropericardial membranes

A

pleuropericardial folds located superior to developing lungs

enlarge and form pleuropericardial membranes that project into the perocardioperitoneal canals

membranes fuse with mesenchyme ventral to esophagus (wk7)

pericardial cavity and pleueal cavities are separated

27
Q

Describe the development of the pleuroperitoneal membranes

A

folds enlarge, project into canals and form membranes as the lungs develop and attach dorsolaterally to the abdominal wall

fuse with dorsal mesentary of esophagus and septum transversum

myoblasts migrate into the pleuroperitoneal membranes and completes clusure process

pleural cavities now separate

28
Q

Describe the development of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum expands and fuses with dorsla mesentery of teh esophagus and pleuroperitoneal membranes to form central tendon

pleuropertoneal membranes fuse with dorsal mesentery of the esophagus and septum transversum to form primordial diaphragm

dorsal mesentery becomes median portion of diaphragm

myoblasts grow into the dorsal mesentery to form the crura of the diaphram

29
Q

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

viscera bulge into the pleural cavity

lung maturation may be delayed

possibly polyhydramnios

left side more commonly affected

correct in utero/at birth

CPR Exam 1 (31 decks)

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