8. CP Respiratory Histology

Question 1

What are the three regions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Nasal Vestibule (just inside the nostrils - lined with skin)

Respiratory region (inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities)

Olfactory region (upper 1/3)

Question 2

What differentiates olfactory mucosa from respiratory mucosa?

Answer 2

Thicker

Lack of goblet cells

Question 3

What is the function of sustentacular cells?

Answer 3

Mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells.

Question 4

At what respiratory division do goblet cells stop being produced?

Answer 4

Broncioles (they do not have goblet cells)

Question 5

In what layer of the trachea do we find the trachealis muscle?

Answer 5

The adventitia

Question 6

What respiratory division do inhalers affect?

Answer 6

Bronchioles

Because of their prominent smooth muscle

Question 7

At what point in the respiratory division do we see clara cells and simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 7

Terminal Bronchioles

Question 8

What is the function of club cells?

Answer 8

Preventing airway collapse during expiration

detox inhalants

secrete antimicrobial peptides

non-cilaited dome shaped cells

Question 9

What is an alveolar ring?

Answer 9

Aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic fibers that form rings around alveolar ducts.

Question 10

1. Where do goblet cells stop?
2. where do ciliated cells stop?

3, where do glands stop?

4. shere does hyaline cartialge stop?

Answer 10

1. terminal bronchioles
2. respiratory bronchioles before alveolar duct
3. after segmental bronchus
4. after segmental bronchus

Question 11

What do goblet cells secrete?

Answer 11

mucus

mucigen granules released by exocytosis and combine with water to make the mucus

Question 12

What does the cartilaginous layer of the trachea contain?

Answer 12

C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 13

Trachea

Epithelia

Submucosa

Cartilage

Adventitia

Answer 13

psuedostratified, ciliated, columnar, goblet cells, lamina propria, BALT

glands

c-shaped cartilage

trachealis m., some glands

Question 14

Bronchi (greater than 1mm)

Epithelia

Submucosa

Muscularis

Adventitia

Answer 14

pseudostratified, columnar ciliated, less goblet cells, increased elastic fibers in LP

loose CT, few glands, full cartilage rings

continuous in larger bronchi

dense CT

Question 15

Bronchioles (less than 1mm)

Epithelia

muscularis

other:

Answer 15

large, simple ciliated columnar to small simple cuboidal, few goblet cells, club cells

prominent smooth muscle

no cartilage

Question 16

Terminal Bronchioles

epithelia

muscularis

Answer 16

simple cuboidal, club cells, increased elastic fibers

1-2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 17

Type I Pnemocytes

Type II Pneumocytes

Answer 17

flat/squamous

line entire alveolar surface

create surface for gas exchange, near capillaries

cuboidal/round

secrete surfactant

can become type I

Question 18

What are the three components that separate the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillary?

Answer 18

type I pnemocytes

fused basal laminae

capillary endothelial cells

Question 19

What histological changes do you see in asthma?

Answer 19

thick bronchiolar epi with lots of goblet cells, thick basement membrane and hyperplastic smooth muscle cells

increased eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells

Question 20

What histological changes will you see for emphesyma?

Answer 20

permanent enlargement of air spaces fistal to terminal bronchiole

significant loss of gas exchange due to decrease in SA

Question 21

What are the histological changes in pneumonia

Answer 21

inflammation of lung tissue, air spaces filled with exudate (most neutrophils, RBCs, and fibrin)

red hepatization

enlarged capillaries