8. CP Respiratory Histology Flashcards
What are the three regions of the nasal cavity?
Nasal Vestibule (just inside the nostrils - lined with skin)
Respiratory region (inferior 2/3 of the nasal cavities)
Olfactory region (upper 1/3)
What differentiates olfactory mucosa from respiratory mucosa?
Thicker
Lack of goblet cells
What is the function of sustentacular cells?
Mechanical and metabolic support to olfactory receptor cells.
At what respiratory division do goblet cells stop being produced?
Broncioles (they do not have goblet cells)
In what layer of the trachea do we find the trachealis muscle?
The adventitia
What respiratory division do inhalers affect?
Bronchioles
Because of their prominent smooth muscle
At what point in the respiratory division do we see clara cells and simple cuboidal epithelium?
Terminal Bronchioles
What is the function of club cells?
Preventing airway collapse during expiration
detox inhalants
secrete antimicrobial peptides
non-cilaited dome shaped cells
What is an alveolar ring?
Aggregates of smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic fibers that form rings around alveolar ducts.
- Where do goblet cells stop?
- where do ciliated cells stop?
3, where do glands stop?
- shere does hyaline cartialge stop?
- terminal bronchioles
- respiratory bronchioles before alveolar duct
- after segmental bronchus
- after segmental bronchus
What do goblet cells secrete?
mucus
mucigen granules released by exocytosis and combine with water to make the mucus
What does the cartilaginous layer of the trachea contain?
C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
Trachea
Epithelia
Submucosa
Cartilage
Adventitia
psuedostratified, ciliated, columnar, goblet cells, lamina propria, BALT
glands
c-shaped cartilage
trachealis m., some glands
Bronchi (greater than 1mm)
Epithelia
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia
pseudostratified, columnar ciliated, less goblet cells, increased elastic fibers in LP
loose CT, few glands, full cartilage rings
continuous in larger bronchi
dense CT
Bronchioles (less than 1mm)
Epithelia
muscularis
other:
large, simple ciliated columnar to small simple cuboidal, few goblet cells, club cells
prominent smooth muscle
no cartilage
Terminal Bronchioles
epithelia
muscularis
simple cuboidal, club cells, increased elastic fibers
1-2 layers of smooth muscle
Type I Pnemocytes
Type II Pneumocytes
flat/squamous
line entire alveolar surface
create surface for gas exchange, near capillaries
cuboidal/round
secrete surfactant
can become type I
What are the three components that separate the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillary?
type I pnemocytes
fused basal laminae
capillary endothelial cells
What histological changes do you see in asthma?
thick bronchiolar epi with lots of goblet cells, thick basement membrane and hyperplastic smooth muscle cells
increased eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells
What histological changes will you see for emphesyma?
permanent enlargement of air spaces fistal to terminal bronchiole
significant loss of gas exchange due to decrease in SA
What are the histological changes in pneumonia
inflammation of lung tissue, air spaces filled with exudate (most neutrophils, RBCs, and fibrin)
red hepatization
enlarged capillaries
