Thoracic Limb Flashcards
Describe the movement of the dorsal border of the scapula as the limb goes in flexion and extension
Limb moves forward – dorsal border of scapula moves caudoventral and lateral.
Know how an upright shoulder affects the elbow and the shock absorbing capacity of the limb
Upright shoulder usually combined with an elbow in more flexion and short upright pasterns. This takes away much of the shock absorption of the front limb and will leave the horse prone to concussive injury. Horse will likely have shorter, choppier gates.
Know how pronation or supination affects the movement of the limb in flexion
Slight abduction is associated with flexion
Slight adduction is associated with extension
Describe the movement of the carpal bones as the carpus flexes and extends
Flexion – carpal bones move towards palmar
Extension – carpal bones move towards dorsal
Know which carpal bone has tendinous connections with both the elbow and the foot
Accessory carpal bone
List the nerves of the brachial plexus and the muscles they innervate
- Suprascapular – C(5) C6-C7
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus - Subscapular – C6-C7
- subscapularis - Musculocutaneous – C6-C7-C8
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis - Axillary C(6) C7-C8
- Deltoid
- Teres major
- Teres minor - Radial C7-C8-T1(2)
- Triceps
- Anconeus
- Tensor fascia antebrachia
- Ulnaris lateralis
- Lateral digital extensor
- Common digital extensor
- Extensor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi obliquus - Median C8-T1(2)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- DDF radial head
- DDF humeral head - Ulnar C8-T1(2)
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- SDF
- DDF ulnar head
- DDF humberal head
Know the attachments for the teres major and minor and the tensor fascia antebrachii
Teres major – caudal distal scapula to lateral proximal humerus
Teres Minor – caudal scapula to medial proximal humerus
Tensor Fascia antebrachia – caudal border of scapula and tendon of latissimus dorsi to olecranon and deep fascia
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: coffin joint
- Flexion/extension
- Abduction/adduction
- Internal/external rotation
- translation
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: pastern
- Flexion/extension
- Abduction/adduction
- Internal/external rotation
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: proximal sesamoids
- Medial/lateral
2. Abduction/adduction
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: fetlock
- Flexion/extension
2. Abduction/adduction
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: carpus
- Flexion/extension
2. Dorsal translation
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: carpal bones
Accessory: medial/lateral, dorsal/ventral
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: elbow
Abduction/adduction
Know the directions of movement/restrictions: shoulder
- Flexion/extension
2. Abduction/adduction