Thoracic Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the movement of the dorsal border of the scapula as the limb goes in flexion and extension

A

Limb moves forward – dorsal border of scapula moves caudoventral and lateral.

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2
Q

Know how an upright shoulder affects the elbow and the shock absorbing capacity of the limb

A

Upright shoulder usually combined with an elbow in more flexion and short upright pasterns. This takes away much of the shock absorption of the front limb and will leave the horse prone to concussive injury. Horse will likely have shorter, choppier gates.

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3
Q

Know how pronation or supination affects the movement of the limb in flexion

A

Slight abduction is associated with flexion

Slight adduction is associated with extension

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4
Q

Describe the movement of the carpal bones as the carpus flexes and extends

A

Flexion – carpal bones move towards palmar

Extension – carpal bones move towards dorsal

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5
Q

Know which carpal bone has tendinous connections with both the elbow and the foot

A

Accessory carpal bone

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6
Q

List the nerves of the brachial plexus and the muscles they innervate

A
  1. Suprascapular – C(5) C6-C7
    - Supraspinatus
    - Infraspinatus
  2. Subscapular – C6-C7
    - subscapularis
  3. Musculocutaneous – C6-C7-C8
    - Coracobrachialis
    - Biceps Brachii
    - Brachialis
  4. Axillary C(6) C7-C8
    - Deltoid
    - Teres major
    - Teres minor
  5. Radial C7-C8-T1(2)
    - Triceps
    - Anconeus
    - Tensor fascia antebrachia
    - Ulnaris lateralis
    - Lateral digital extensor
    - Common digital extensor
    - Extensor carpi radialis
    - Extensor carpi obliquus
  6. Median C8-T1(2)
    - Flexor carpi radialis
    - DDF radial head
    - DDF humeral head
  7. Ulnar C8-T1(2)
    - Flexor carpi ulnaris
    - SDF
    - DDF ulnar head
    - DDF humberal head
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7
Q

Know the attachments for the teres major and minor and the tensor fascia antebrachii

A

Teres major – caudal distal scapula to lateral proximal humerus

Teres Minor – caudal scapula to medial proximal humerus

Tensor Fascia antebrachia – caudal border of scapula and tendon of latissimus dorsi to olecranon and deep fascia

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8
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: coffin joint

A
  1. Flexion/extension
  2. Abduction/adduction
  3. Internal/external rotation
  4. translation
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9
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: pastern

A
  1. Flexion/extension
  2. Abduction/adduction
  3. Internal/external rotation
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10
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: proximal sesamoids

A
  1. Medial/lateral

2. Abduction/adduction

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11
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: fetlock

A
  1. Flexion/extension

2. Abduction/adduction

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12
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: carpus

A
  1. Flexion/extension

2. Dorsal translation

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13
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: carpal bones

A

Accessory: medial/lateral, dorsal/ventral

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14
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: elbow

A

Abduction/adduction

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15
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: shoulder

A
  1. Flexion/extension

2. Abduction/adduction

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16
Q

Know the directions of movement/restrictions: scapulothoracic joint

A

Medial/lateral