Pelvis Flashcards
Know the main role of the pelvis in locomotion
Transfer power of the hindlimb to the axial skeleton
Three bones that make up the pelvis.
Tuber coxa, Tuber sacrale, Tuber ischii
The human directional terms; anterior, posterior, inferior and superior
Anterior = ventral Posterior = dorsal Superior = cranial Inferior = caudal
The name of the tuber coxae and the tuber ischium using human terms
Tuber coxae – Anterior Superior Iliac Spine – ASIS
Tuber sacrale – Posterior Superior Iliac Spine – PSIS
Muscles that attach at the tuber coxae (3)
- Superficial gluteal
- Tensor fascia lata
- External/internal abdominal oblique
Muscles that attach at the tuber ischium (3)
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
4 problems that may cause one TS to appear higher than the other side.
- Problem with dorsal sacroiliac ligament
- SI joint dysfunction
- Fracture of the Ilium
- Restriction of the Pelvis/Sacrum
When the tuber coxa is fractured, the fracture fragment moves in what direction
Cranially and ventrally due to the pull of the external abdominal oblique, superficial gluteal and the TFL
Lowering the TC without lowering of the TS may indicate a fracture of the TC
Know the direction of rotation of a PI and an AS ilium
PI – posterior (dorsal) and inferior (caudal) around coxofemoral joint
AS – anterior (ventral) and superior (cranial)
Describe the normal pelvic excursion during walk
Up and down, and side to side
Know the most common muscle asymmetry of the pelvis and the appearance of normal muscle
Gluteals are atrophied
Hindquarter should be convex
6 things an uneven tuber sacrale may indicate
- Congenital
- Trauma
- Pelvic problem
- SI problem
- Hip Problem
- Stifle problem
Know normal response to hindlimb flexion and when it is normal for a horse to rotate the LS junction.
Hindlimb flexes – pelvis rotates dorsal, caudal, and medial
2 ways to manipulate a PI ilium
- Bale, across to tuber sacrale, HVLA LOD
2. Straight down on tuber coxae on bale
2 ways to manipulate an AS ilium
- Double pisiform contact with left pisiform on ventral aspect of the tuber coxae
- On bale, LOD dorsal to ventral, calcaneal contact on dorsal aspect of the tuber ischii, support wrist with other hand
Know the signs of a PI ilium in the history and on exam (16)
- TS higher than the other side
- Pain at iliac crest, calcanean tendon, semi-M, semi-T, trigger point in middle gluteal
- Lack of movement with motion palpation
- Lack of power*****
- Short stride ipsilateral
- Hip hike ipsilateral
- Rope walking from pain or weak gluteals
- Irregularity in lateral work
- Difficulty with flying changes
- Dragging toes
- Weak tail tone
- Atrophy of middle gluteal
- Atrophy lateral to the tuber sacrale
- Horse will be reluctant to extend the hind leg, bring it under the body for collection or both
- Horse will be reluctant to abduct the leg
- Internal rotation of the humerus via the latissimus dorsi muscle
Know 4 signs of an AS ilium
- TS will be lower than the other side. This may be easier to appreciate by also looing at the TC
- Horse will adduct the limb
- Lateral hoof wall flare
- SI joint is restricted
- PI on the other side potentially
Ways to interpret adduction of a hindlimb (3) and abduction of a hindlimb (3).
Adduction – ipsilateral AS ilium, lumbar restriction or hock pain
Abduction – PI ilium, stifle, SI joint
