Anatomy Thoracolumbar and Hind

Question 1

Know the muscles of inspiration (4)

Answer 1

1. Rectus thoracis
2. External intercostal
3. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
4. diaphram

Question 2

Know the muscles of expiration (4)

Answer 2

1. transversus thoracis
2. internal intercostal
3. serratus dorsalis caudalis
4. help from abdominal obliques

Question 3

The brachiocephalic attaches to the deltoid tuberosity and is balanced by the _____which attaches at the teres major tubercle

Answer 3

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 4

How can a “big tummy be useful? What anatomical feature of the horse can work like a big tummy in humans?

Answer 4

Flatten thoracolumbar fascia that makes it extend the spine when the transversus abdominis is active

Question 5

Know which set of limbs, front or rear is better suited for the stretch shortening cycle

Answer 5

Pelvic Limbs

Question 6

Know 4 muscles that extend the hip

Answer 6

1. middle gluteal
2. biceps femoris
3. semitendinosus
4. semimembranosus

Question 7

3 muscles that flex the hip

Answer 7

1. Psoas major
2. Iliacus
3. Tensor fascia lata

Question 8

2 muscles involved in the stay apparatus

Answer 8

1. SDF

2. Peroneus Tertius

Question 9

Know four functions of the muscles of the thorax and abdomen

Answer 9

1. Respiration
2. Regulating intraabdominal pressure (IAP)
3. Flexion extension and lateral bend of vertebral colum
4. Stabilize trunk for locomotion

Question 10

Location and function of iliocostalis

Answer 10

Function: lateral bend and stabilization

Location: either side of back

Question 11

Which four muscles of the thorax have a serrated appearance? What is their function?

Answer 11

1. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
2. Serratus dorsalis caudalis
3. Serratus ventralis thoracis
4. Transversus thoracis

Respiration

Question 12

There is a layer of 3 muscles that wraps around the thorax and abdomen in a craniodorsal to caudoventral direction. Can you name them?

Answer 12

1. Serratus ventralis thoracis
2. External intercostal
3. External abdominal oblique

Question 13

Which abdominal muscle “hangs” from the tuber coxae?

Answer 13

Internal abdominal oblique

Question 14

Which muscle connects with the main hip extensor via the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 14

Middle gluteal

Question 15

What is the difference between the psoas major and the psoas minor?

Answer 15

Major insertion – lesser trochanter of femur

Minor insertion – Ilium on psoas minor tubercle

Question 16

What muscle inserts with the psoas major and what is its origin?

Answer 16

Iliacus

Pelvis – wings of sacrum and psoas minor tendon

Question 17

Why do horses have long flat transverse processes in their lumbar spine?

Answer 17

Gives transversus abdominis more leverage to stiffen spine

Question 18

What are three functions of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 18

1. Tenses fascia
2. Flexes hip
3. Extends stifle

Question 19

The biceps femoris, semitendinosus and the semimembranosus all have two origins, what are they?

Answer 19

the lumbar and/or coccygeal vertebrae and the tuber ischium

Question 20

What are the actions of the biceps femoris and of the semitendinosus? How does the action of the semitendinosus change during weight-bearing versus non weight-bearing?

Answer 20

1. Extend hip
2. Flex/extend stifle
3. Extend hock

Weight bearing – extends hock, siftle, hip

NWB – flexes stifle

Question 21

Which part of the quadriceps crosses two joints?

Answer 21

Rectus femoris

Question 22

Is the gastrocnemius used to create a large ROM? If not, what is it used for?

Answer 22

No, stabilization

Question 23

What is the largest muscle on the caudal aspect of the tibia?

Answer 23

Deep digital flexor