Limbs in Motion

Question 1

3 ways the horse’s structure and function make the gait more efficient

Answer 1

1. Bulk of muscle mass is in upper limb
2. Distal limb is light
3. Limb folds during swing

Question 2

Know why the flexors are active just before and as the limb impacts the ground

Answer 2

Limit extension, stiffen joints, allow some flexion at impact to reduce concussion, and absorb energy

Question 3

Know how the limb absorbs, stores and releases energy during the stride cycle

Answer 3

At impact energy is absorbed by some flexion of the shoulder and elbow and by loading of the tendons and ligaments in the distal limb.

This stored energy is released in late stance and helps to propel the limb forward.

The swing of the distal limb is passive.

Question 4

Know which joint is largely responsible for folding the front limb during swing phase

Answer 4

Elbow – responsible for good hunter knees

Question 5

Know where the center of rotation of the forelimb is located

Answer 5

Scapulothoracic joint

Question 6

Know why it is important to have full ROM of the scapulothoracic joint

Answer 6

Better moving horses show more retraction of the forelimbs therefore the scapula must be able to rotate freely cranial and medial

Question 7

Describe how loading of the rear SDF helps to flex the stifle

Answer 7

F/E of the fetlock and tarsus linked during swing; therefore fetlock, tarsus, and stifle all flex together due to the passive action of the SDF

Question 8

Know why the hock and stifle flex during weight bearing

Answer 8

To absorb concussion and increase efficiency of gait.

Question 9

Know why foals have a different gait pattern than adults and when they develop an adult pattern

Answer 9

Tracts of the nervous system involved in inter-limb coordination are not fully developed until a few weeks after birth

Question 10

3 reasons for a lateral walk

Answer 10

1. Pain or tension in the back
2. Cervical problem
3. Extreme positive dissociation (hind feet hit before front)

Question 11

common gait abnormalities at the canter

Answer 11

1. Lateral canter

2. Rotary canter