Muscles OIAI Flashcards
Temporalis
Origin: temporal fossa
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Action: closes the mouth
Innervation: CN V
Masseter
Origin: maxillary region of skull and zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral aspect of mandibular branches
Action: closes the mouth
Innervation: CN V
rectus capitus lateralis
Origin: skull
Insertion: wing of atlas
Action: lateal bend at C0-C1
Innervation: local cervical nerve
Obliquus capitis caudalis
Origin: wing of atlas
Insertion: C2
Action: rotates head
Innervation: second cervical nerve
Splenius
Origin: skull ventral to nuchal crest
Insertion: transverse processes of C3-7 and dorsal spinous processes of T1-5
Action: lifts the lower cervial curve
Innervation: cranial part by CN XI and caudal part by local spinal nerves
bottom arrow
Longus capitis
Origin: ventral aspect of C5
Insertion: base of skull, occiput
Action: flex the neck
Innervation: local cervical nerves
top arrow
Longus thoracis
Origin: ventral aspect of C6
Insertion: ventral aspect of T1-5 and costovertebral joints
Action: flexes the spine, lifts lower cervical curve
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Scaleneus
Origin: transverse processes of C4-7
Insertion: cranial and lateral aspect of first rib
Action: lifst lower cervical curve, flexes the neck
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Sternomandibularis
Origin: manubrium
Insertion: caudal mandible
Action: flexes neck, lateral bend
Innervation: CN XI
Brachiocephalic
Origin: nuchal crest and mastoid process
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity and cranial humerus
Action: flexes neck, extends shoulder
Innervation: CN XI
purple
omotransversarius
Origin: transverse process of C2-4
Insertion: blends with shoulder fascia and brachiocephalic
Action: flexes neck, lateral bend and stabilizes spine
Innervation: local cervical nerves
pink - sternomandibularis, yellow - brachiocephalic
Multifidus
Origin: lamina, articular and mamillary process T1-S5
Insertion: dorsal spinous processes 1-4 segments cranial to origin
Action: proprioception, stabilize, extend and rotate the spine
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Green
longissiums cervicus
Origin: articular processes of C6 and C7
Insertion: Transverse processes of T1-5
Action: Stabilize the spine and elevate the head
Innervation: local spinal nerves
light purple
longissimus atlantis
Origin: wing of atlas
Insertion: transverse processes of C3-T3
Action: stabilize spine, elevate head, lateral bend
Innervation: local cervical nerves
dark blue
longissimus capitus
Origin: mastoid process of skull and atlas
Insertion: transverse processes of C3-T3
Action: stabilize spine, elevate head, lateral bend
Innervation: local cervial nerves
purple
Deltoid
Origin: scapular spine and caudal scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flexes shoulder
Innervation: axillary nerve
orange
Supraspinatus
Origin: suprascapular fossa
Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Action: extends and stablizes shoulder joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
green
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: stabilize, flex and extends shoulder joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
yellow
Tricep
Origin: long head - caudal scapula, lateral - deltoid tuberosity, medial - medial humerus
Insertion: olecranon
Action: extend elbow
Innervation: radial nerve
biceps brachii
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: radial tuberosity and via the lacertus fibrosis to the tendon of the extensor carpi
Action: extend shoulder, stabilize carpus, flex elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Blue
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Origin: radial fossa
Insertion: proximocranial MCIII
Action: extneds carpus
Innervation: radial nerve
Green
Common Digital Extensor
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: P1, P3 and extensor process of P3
Action: extend carpus and digit
Innervation: radial nerve
Lateral Digital Extensor (thoracic limb)
Origin: proximal radius
Insertion: blends with commond digital extensor to P1
Action: extend fetlock
Innervation: radial nervel
lateral digital extensor
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone and MC IV
Action: flexes the carpus
Innervation: radial nerve
Green
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone
Action: flexes carpus
Innervation: median nerve
Yellow
Flexor carpi Ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone
Action: flexes carpus
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Subclavius
Origin: Sternum and costal cartilages 1-4
Insertion: supraspinatus and shoulder fascia
Action: supports trunk and stabilizes shoulder
Innervation: cranial pectoral nerve
Ascending (Deep) Pectoral
Origin: sternum and ribs 4-9
Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus
Action: supports trunk, stabilizes shoulder joint, retracts limb
Innervation: cranial and caudal pectoral nerves
Descending Pectorals
Origin: Manubrium
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: connect limb to trunk, adduction
Innervation: cranial and caudal pectoral nerves
Transverse Pectoral
Origin: Sternum and costal cartilages 1-5
Insertion: antebrachial fascia
Action: connects limb to trunk, adducts
Innervation: cranial and caudal pectoral nerves
Brachialis
Origin: Proximocaudal humerus
Insertion: Medial radis
Action: Flexes elbow, rebounds energy
Innervation: Musculocutaneous
DDF (3 heads)
Origin:
Humeral - medial epicondyle, Radial - caudal radius, Ulnar - olecranon
Insertion: flexor surface of P3
Action: flexes carpus and digit, extends elbow
Innervation:
Humeral - meidan and ulnar, Radial - Median, Ulanr - ulnar
Digastricus
Origin: skull caudal to TMJ
Insertion: ventral aspect of the mandible
Action: opens mouth
Innervation: mandibular and facial nerve
Intertransversarii
Origin:
Dorsal - dorsal spinous processes C2-7, Middle - Transverse processes C2-7, Ventral - Ventral aspect of C6
Insertion:
Dorsal - Transverse processes C3-7, Middle - transverse processes one or two segments caudal, ventral - ventral aspect of C3-5
Action: stabilizes spine, proprioception
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Longus Colli
Origin: Transverse processes C1-5
Insertion: Vertebral bodies and ventral tubercle of atlas
Action: stabilize and flex spine
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Multifidus cervicus
Origin: Lamina and articular processes C2-7
Insertion: Dorsal spinous processes 1-4 segments cranial to origin
Action: proprioception, stablize, extend and rotate the spine
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Obliquus capitis cranialis
Origin: Nuchal crest
Insertion: ventral part of cranial wing of atlas
Action: rotate the head
Innervation: first cervical nerve
Omohyoideus
Origin: Subscapular fascia
Insertion: Lingual process of basihyoid bone
Action: Retracts basihyoid and tongue
Innervation: first cervical nerve
Pterygoids
Origin: skull, pterygoidpalantine
Insertion: medial mandible
Action: lateral excursion of mandible
Innervation: CN V
Rectus Capitis Major
Origin: Nuchal Crest
Insertion: dorsal spinous process of C2
Action: Extend the head
Innervation: local cervical nerve
Rectus capitis minor
Origin: Nuchal crest
Insertion: caudodorsal atlas
Action: extend the head
Innervation: local cervical nerve
Rhomboideus
Origin: Nuchal and dorsoscapular ligaments C2-T8
Insertion: Scapular cartilage
Action: Elevates scapula and rotates it cranially
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Semispinalis capitis
Origin: occipital protuberance and nuchal crest
Insertion: C2-T7 articular or transverse processes
Action: Elevate head, lateral bend
Innervation: Local cervical nerves
Sternohyoideus
Origin: Manubrium
Insertion: Lingual process of basihyoid bone
Action: Retracts basihyoid and tongue
Innervation: First cervical nerve
Superficial Digital Flexor (Thoracic Limb)
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: P1 and P2
Action: Flexes carpus and extends elbow
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Trapezius
Origin: Dorsal 1/3 of scapular spine
Insertion: Nuchal and supraspinous ligament C4-T10
Action: elevates and rotates the scapula
Innervation: CN XI
Blue
Serratus Ventralis Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of T1-10
Insertion: Medial Scapula
Action: supports the trunk, stabilizes center of rotation of scapula
Innervation: Local cervical nerves
Light Purple
External intercostal
Origin: Caudal aspect of ribs 1-17
Insertion: Cranial aspect of ribs 2-18
Action: inspiration, lateral bend
Innervation: local intercostal
Dark Purple
External abdominal Oblique
Origin: Caudal aspect of ribs 4-18 and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: linea alba, prepubic tendon and tuber coxa
Action: increase intraabdominal pressure, expiration, stabilizes spine
Innervation: local intercostal and lumbar nerves
light green
Internal Intercostal
Origin: cranial aspect of ribs 2-18
Insertion: caudal aspect of ribs 1-17
Action: expiration, lateral bend
Innervation: local intercostal
Dark Green
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Origin: tuber coxae
Insertion: last rib, cartilages of ribs 13-18, prepubic tendon and linea alba
Action: increases intraabdominal pressure, expiration, flexes spine
Innervation: local intercostal nerves
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, supraspinous ligament T3
Insertion: Teres major tuberosity
Action: retracts the limb and flexes the shoulder
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Blue
Scalenus
Origin: transverse processes of C4-7
Insertion: cranial and lateral aspect of 1st rib
Action: lifts the lower cervical curve, flexes the neck
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Purple
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: Ribs 4-9
Insertion: prepubic tendon, head of femur
Action: flexes spine
Innervation: local intercostal and lumbar nerves
Psoas Major
Origin: last ribs and lumbar transverse processes
Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
Action: stabilizes spine, flexes lumbar vertebrae and hip, protracts limbs
Innervation: local intercostal and lumbar nerves
Transversus Abdominus
Origin: medial aspect of asternal ribs, lumbar transverse processes and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: linea alba and xiphoid
Action: tenses thoracolumbar fascia, stabilizes spine
Innervation: local intercostal and lumbar nerves
Tensor Fascia Lata
Origin: Tuber coxa
Insertion: patella, cranial tibia, fascia lata and 3rd trocanter of the femur
Action: tenses fascia, flexes hip and extends stifle
Innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
Dark Blue on left
Biceps femoris
Origin: last 3 sacral vertebrae to the tuber ischium
Insertion: patella, cranial tibia, crural fascia, calcanean tendon
Action: extend hock, stifle and hip, flex elbow
Innervation: caudal gluteal and tibial nerves
Purple center photo
Semitendinosus
Origin: last few sacral and 1st few coccygeal vertebrae to tuber ischium
Insertion: cranial tibia, crural fascia and calcaneus
Action: extends hock, stifle and hip, flexes stifle
Innervation: caudal gluteal and tibial nerves
light blue - far right
Semimebranosus
Origin: first few coccygeal vertebrae and tail fascia
Insertion: medial femoral and tibial condyles
Action: extends hip and stifle
Innervation: caudal gluteal and cranial tibial nerves
Yellow
Long digital extensor
Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: extensor process of P3
Action: extends the digit, flexes hock
Innervation: peroneal nerve
Blue
Lateral digital extensor (pelvic)
Origin: fibula and lateral collateral ligament of stifle
Insertion: long digital extensor tendon
Action: extends digit, flexes hock
Innervation: peronial nerve
Green
Deep digital Flexor (hind)
Origin: Lateral head - caudal aspect of tibia, media head - lateal tibial condyle, superficial head - caudal aspect of tibia
Insertion: plantar aspect of P3
Action: extends hock, flexes digit
Innervation: tibial nerve
Middle Gluteal
Origin: longissimus lumborum, ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum and sacrosciatic
Insertion: caudal aspect of grater trochanter
Action: extends hip
Innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
Caudal tibia (superficial head of DDF)
Origin: caudal aspect of tibia
Insertion: plantar P3
Action: extends hock and flexes digit
Innervation: tibial nerve
Cranial Tibial
Origin: lateal condyle and tibia tuberosity
Insertion: 1st, 2nd, 3rd tarsal bones
Action: flexes hock
Innervation: peroneal nerve
Gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur
Insertion: calcanean tuber
Action: extends hock and flexes stifle
Innervation: tibial nerve
Gracilis
Origin: pelvic symphysis
Insertion: crural fascia, cranial tibia and medial patellar ligament
Action: adduct the limb
Innervation: obturator nerve
Iliacus
Origin: pelvis, wings of sacrum and psoas minor tendon
Insertion: lesser tronchanter of femur with psoas major
Action: stabilizes spine, flexes lumbar vertebrae, protracts limb
Innervation: local intercostal and lumbar nerves
Iliocostalis
Origin: lumbar transverse processes and cranial aspect of ribs
Insertion: angle of ribs
Action: stabilizes, lateral bend extends the spine
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Longissimus
Origin: Dorsal spinous processes T1-S5, wing of hte ilium
Insertion: transverse processes and tubercles of the ribs
Action: stabilize, extend, and rotate
Innervation: local spinal nerves
Peroneus Tertius
Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: 3rd and 4th tarsal bones and calcaneus
Action: reciprocal apparatus, flexes hock when stifle is flexed
Innervation: peroneal nerve
Psoas Minor
Origin: last ribs and lumbar transverse processes
Insertion: psoas minor tubercle of ilium
Action: stabilizes spine, flexes lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints
Innervation: local intercosatal and lumbar nerves
Rectus Femoris
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: quadriceps tendon to middle patellar ligament and cranial tibia
Action: flexes hip and extends stifle
Innervation: femoral nerve
Serratus ventralis cervicus
Origin: Transverse processes of C4-C7
Insertion: Medial scapula
Action: supports the trunk, stabilizes center of rotation of scapula
Innervation: local cervical nerves
Superficial Digital Flexor Pelvic Limb
Origin: supracondylar fossa of the femur
Insertion: calcanean tuber, P1 and P2
Action: reciprocal apparatus, supports fetlcok and pastern
Innervation: tibial nerve
Superficial Gluteal
Origin: tuber coxa
Insertion: 3rd trochanter and fascia lata
Action: flexes hip
Innervation: cranial and caudal gluteal nerve
Vastus intermedius
Origin: cranial aspect of femur
Insertion: quadriceps tendon to middle patellar ligament and cranial tibia
Action: extends stifle
Innervation: femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
Origin: lateral aspect of femur
Insertion: quadriceps tendon to middle patellar ligament and cranial tibia
Action: extends stifle
Innervation: femoral nerve
Vastus Medialis
Origin: medial aspect of femur
Insertion: quadriceps tendon to middle patellar ligament and cranial tibia
Action: extends stifle
Innervation: femoral nerve
