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Pharmaceutics > Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

Branch of physical science that deals w/ heat and other forms of energy; deals w/ states in equilibrium

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2
Q

What is a system?

A

Part of the universe that is of interest; anything kept in consideration

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3
Q

What is a surrounding?

A

Anything that is not the system

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4
Q

What is the universe?

A

System + Surrounding

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5
Q

What exactly does thermodynamics deal w/?

A

System in equilibrium and its surroundings

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6
Q

What are the three kinds of thermodynamic systems?

A
  1. Open
  2. Closed
  3. Isolated
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7
Q

What is an open system?

A

Allows exchange of matter and energy with surroundings

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8
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Allows only exchange of energy with surroudings

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9
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

Does not allow exchange of matter or energy with surrounding

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10
Q

What are the four observable variables used to define a system?

A
  1. Composition
  2. Temperature
  3. Pressure
  4. Volume
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11
Q

The four observable variables are independent (T/F)

A

False

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12
Q

What is an example of an open system?

A

Pot of boiling water

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13
Q

What is an example of a closed system?

A

Capped glass bottle

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14
Q

What is an example of an isolated system?

A

Insulated water bottle

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15
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamicss?

A

Energy can be converted from one form to another BUT cannot create/destroy energy

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16
Q

What is the 0th Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Thermodynamic equilibrium is a transitive property; if A is in equilibrium w/ B and B is in equilibrium w/ C, then A is in equilibrium w/ C.

17
Q

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

A spontaneous process is accompanied by an increase in enthalpy

18
Q

What is a drug vial to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?

A

Drug vial is a surrounding of a tablet (system) during storage; answers questions about drug stability and shelf life

19
Q

What is GI tract to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?

A

Surrounding of a tablet during administration; answers questions about stability in GI tract, ability of tab to disintegrate and release drug

20
Q

What is a cream, etc to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?

A

Two-phase system: oil mixed in water; after topical admin, the system changes from closed to open

21
Q

What is a suspension to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?

A

Solid particles dispersed in liquid

22
Q

When are two systems in equilibrium?

A
  1. No energy exchange

2. No material exchange

23
Q

What is Enthalpy?

A

Heat that is gained/lost during a change in constant pressure

24
Q

What is Gibbs Free Energy?

A

Free energy function used for processes at constant pressure

25
Q

Where is Gibbs Free Energy derived from?

A

Entropy

26
Q

What is the Gibbs Free Energy equation?

A

G=H - T x S

Pharmaceutics (30 decks)

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