Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
Branch of physical science that deals w/ heat and other forms of energy; deals w/ states in equilibrium
What is a system?
Part of the universe that is of interest; anything kept in consideration
What is a surrounding?
Anything that is not the system
What is the universe?
System + Surrounding
What exactly does thermodynamics deal w/?
System in equilibrium and its surroundings
What are the three kinds of thermodynamic systems?
- Open
- Closed
- Isolated
What is an open system?
Allows exchange of matter and energy with surroundings
What is a closed system?
Allows only exchange of energy with surroudings
What is an isolated system?
Does not allow exchange of matter or energy with surrounding
What are the four observable variables used to define a system?
- Composition
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Volume
The four observable variables are independent (T/F)
False
What is an example of an open system?
Pot of boiling water
What is an example of a closed system?
Capped glass bottle
What is an example of an isolated system?
Insulated water bottle
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamicss?
Energy can be converted from one form to another BUT cannot create/destroy energy
What is the 0th Law of Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamic equilibrium is a transitive property; if A is in equilibrium w/ B and B is in equilibrium w/ C, then A is in equilibrium w/ C.
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
A spontaneous process is accompanied by an increase in enthalpy
What is a drug vial to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?
Drug vial is a surrounding of a tablet (system) during storage; answers questions about drug stability and shelf life
What is GI tract to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?
Surrounding of a tablet during administration; answers questions about stability in GI tract, ability of tab to disintegrate and release drug
What is a cream, etc to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?
Two-phase system: oil mixed in water; after topical admin, the system changes from closed to open
What is a suspension to a pharmacist in regards to thermodynamics?
Solid particles dispersed in liquid
When are two systems in equilibrium?
- No energy exchange
2. No material exchange
What is Enthalpy?
Heat that is gained/lost during a change in constant pressure
What is Gibbs Free Energy?
Free energy function used for processes at constant pressure
Where is Gibbs Free Energy derived from?
Entropy
What is the Gibbs Free Energy equation?
G=H - T x S
