Semisolids Flashcards
Topical applications are used for ___ and/or ____ absorption
Local + systemic
What is the target tissue of topical products?
INTO the skin
What is the target tissue of transdermal products?
THROUGH the skin (skin is generally not the target)
What is percutaneous absorption?
Drug absorption thru UNBROKEN skin both into the skin and into circulation
Ointment bases are chosen and used for their _____ effects and as ______
physical + vehicles
What are the 4 USP groups ointment bases are classified as?
- Oleaginous base
- Absorption base
- Water-removable base
- Water-soluble base
What kind of effect does oleaginous base have?
Emollient/moisturizing
(T/F) Oleaginous bases are water miscible
False
(T/F) Water + aqueous preparations may be incorporated in oleaginous bases, but w/ difficulty
True
What is generally used as a levigating agent for oleaginous bases?
Mineral oil
What is the MP of petrolatum?
38-60 degrees (C or F?)
(T/F) Petrolatum are generally used alone as a ointment base
False, used alone or in combination w/ other ingredients
Which is more esthetically pleasing?
A. Petrolatum
B. White Petrolatum
C. Yellow Ointment
B. White Petrolatum
Where is White Petrolatum found in?
Skin creams, lotions, lip balms
Which has a higher viscosity compared to petrolatum alone?
A. White Petrolatum
B. Yellow Ointment
B. Yellow Ointment
Absorption bases contain _____, which the amount depends upon the base
water
What are the two “types” of absorption bases?
- Permits incorporation of aqueous sol. and forms (W/O) emulsions
- Those that are (W/O) emulsions and permits incorporation of additional aqueous sol.
Which is more occlusive, oleaginous or absorption base?
Oleaginous bases
Absorption bases are (easily/not easily) removed from skin w/ water due to oily external phase
not easily
Lanolin is purified wax-like substance obtained from ____ wool
sheep
Lanolin contains less than ___% water
0.25
Lanolin permits formulation of more (hydrophilic/lipophilic) drugs
hydrophilic
Water removable bases are also known as ____ emulsions
(O/W)
Water removable bases are commonly called ______
creams
Water removable bases are vehicles for solid, liquid or _______ drugs
non-hydrolyzable