Therapeutics

Question 1

OBJ: What are the use category definitions for antimicrobials?

Question 2

OBJ: Which antimicrobials are the most effective for BRD?

Question 3

OBJ: Which are the most and least expensive antimicrobials?

Answer 3

Question 4

OBJ: How do you trade off cost, efficacy, number or administrations, and withdrawal time?

Question 5

OBJ: How do injectable and in-feed antimicrobials compare?

Question 6

OBJ; What about lactating dairy cattle and cattle intended for dairy production?

Question 7

define Prevention

Answer 7

• Prophylaxis
• administration of an antimicrobial to an individual animal to mitigate the risk for acquiring disease or infection that is anticipated based on history, clinical judgement, or epidemiological knowledge
• Administration of an antimicrobial to a group of animals, none of which have evidence of disease or infection, when transmission of existing undiagnosed infections or the introduction of pathogens is anticipated based on history, clinical judgement or epidemiological knowledge

Question 8

Define Control (Metaphylaxis)

Answer 8

• Administration of an antimicrobial to an individual animal with a subclinical infection to reduce the risk of the infection becoming clinically apparent, spreading to other tissues or organs, or being transmitted to other individuals
  
  • Use of antimicrobials to reduce the incidence of infectious disease in a group of animals that already has some individuals with evidence of infectious disease or evidence of infection

Question 9

Define treatment

Answer 9

• Administration of an antimicrobial as a remedy for an individual animal with evidence of infectious disease
• Administration of an antimicrobial to those animals within the group with evidence of infectious disease

Question 10

Define growth promotion

Answer 10

• Use of a drug to enhance average daily gain and/or feed efficiency
• Medically important antimicrobials are illegal for this use in the US

Question 11

What antimicrobials are approved for single injection in cattle?

Answer 11

Question 12

What antimicrobials are approved for multiple injections in cattle?

Answer 12

Question 13

What antimicrobials are approved for use in lactating dairy cows

Answer 13

Question 14

What antimicrobials are approved for metaphylaxis use in cattle?

Answer 14

Question 15

What antimicrobials can be used extra-label for BRDC?

Answer 15

• All poor choices
  
  • Aminoglycosides
    
    • Gemtamicin - 18mo slaughter withdrawal (FARAD)
    • Neomycin
  • Lincomycin/spectinomycin (LS50)
  • Compounded combinations

Question 16

What does control treatment for BRD accomplish?

Answer 16

Treatment for control of respiratory disease (mass med, metaphylaxis) suppresses and delays morbidity, it does NOT prevent morbidity