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Food Animal Medicine > Alimentary Disease > Flashcards

Alimentary Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What complaints warrant an Oral examination?

A
  • Losing weight
  • Not eating
  • Salivating, chewing, nasal discharge (milk?)
  • Obvious swellings
  • Bad Breath
  • Infectious Diseases
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2
Q

How are cattle aged? Why?

A
  • Regulatory needs (Brucella Vaccine)
  • Young/yearling development
  • Sales/auctions
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3
Q

What causes Actinobacillosis or “wooden tongue”? How?

A
  • Actinobacillis ligniersii
    • Gram neg, normal flora of mouth
    • Causes a granulomatous abscess
  • Enters soft tissue via wound:
    • tongue
    • lymph nodes
    • cheek
    • nose
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4
Q

How is Actinobacillosis diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs
    • hypersalivation
    • poor ability to prehend feed
  • Histopathology
    • Gram negative rods
    • “sulfur granules” in pus
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5
Q

What is the treatment of Actinobacillosis?

A
  • Sodium Iodide 20% solution 70mg/kg IV
    • about 20-25ml/100lb BW
  • Often repeated at 7-10 days
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6
Q

What are the side effects of Sodium Iodide?

A
  • Lacrimation
  • Dandruff
  • Cough
  • Fever
  • Nasal Discharge
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7
Q

What causes an inability to retract the tongue in cattle?

A
  • Trauma
  • Oropharyngeal inflammation/infection
  • Actinobacillosis
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8
Q

What are causes of Mandibular Swellings? How are they differentiated?

A
  • Mandibular edema (bottle jaw)
  • Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
  • Use appearance, consistency and other systemic disease to differentiate
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9
Q

What causes Actinomycosis “Lumpy Jaw”? How?

A
  • Actinomyces bovis
    • Gram positive branching filamentous rod
    • Normal flora of mouth
  • Bony tissue
    • Primarily mandible (maxilla possible)
  • Enters tissues via gingival/mucosal abrasion or puncture
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of Actinomycosis?

A
  • Firm, non-movable mass
  • Non-painful
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11
Q

How is Actinomycosis diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs
    • hard bone expansion, possibly fistulous tracks
  • Radiographs
  • Histopath/Biopsy
    • gram positive filamentous rods
    • “sulfur granules”
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12
Q

What is the treatment for Actinomycosis?

A
  • IV Sodium Iodide 7-0mg/kg 2x 7 days apart
  • +/- antibiotics
    • pennicillin, tetracyclines
  • Reduce stemmy, coarse feed
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13
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for Actinomycosis?

A
  • Abscess due to other causes (pharyngeal trauma)
  • Tumor
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14
Q

What are the causes of pharyngeal trauma & abscess?

A
  • Usage of balling gun, esophageal tube feeder
  • Rough feed stuff
  • External trauma
  • Damage leads to abscess formation
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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of pharyngeal abscess?

A
  • Head & neck extension
  • Ptyalism
  • Dysphagia, dyspnea
  • Anorexia
  • Regurgitation of water/feedstuffs
  • Pneumonia (secondary)
  • Visible mass around jaw line
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16
Q

How are pharyngeal abscesses diagnosed?

A
  • Palpation (external/internal)
  • Radiographs
  • Ultrasound
  • Endoscopy
17
Q

What is the treatment for pharyngeal abscesses?

A
  • Antibiotics (broad spectrum)
  • Lance abscess and drain
  • Soft green grass or mash 48hrs post lance
  • Tracheotomy to breath - may be required
  • Esophagotomy, Pharyngotomy to drain
  • Rumenostomy to feed
18
Q

What is “Choke”

A
  • Esophageal obstruction
    • Partial or complete
  • Due to eating characteristics of cattle
  • EMERGENCY
19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Choke?

A
  • Ptyalorrhea (Ptyalism)
  • Projectile “vomiting”
  • Repeated swallowing action
  • Head/neck extension/swinging
  • Failure of oro/naso esophageal tube to pass
20
Q

How is Choke diagnosed?

A
  • Hx, Clinical signs
  • Failure of tube pass
  • Palpate external or internal
21
Q

What is the treatment for Choke?

A
  • Sedation - maybe
  • Relieve bloat
  • Use large tube
    • water lavage with head down
  • Proximal obstruction - grasp with fingers
  • Distal Obstruction - may do rumenotomy
    • depends on size of patient
22
Q

What complications can arise from treatment of Choke?

A
  • Esophageal stricture possible
  • Pneumonia possible
23
Q

What other disease presents similar to alimentary diseases?

A

RABIES

24
Q

What are the vesicular, papular, and erosive diseases that affect the mouths of cattle?

A
  • Foot and Mouth
  • Bovine Papular Stomatitis
  • BVDV
  • Vesicular Stomatitis
  • Epizootic Hemorrhagic Diseases (EHD)/Bluetongue
  • Malignant Catarrhal Fever
25
Q

What is Foot and Mouth Disease? Cause? signs?

A
  • Caused by a Picornavirus
    • Highly contagious
  • Primary in Cattle and Swine
  • Mild to subclinical in Sheep/Goats
  • Signs:
    • Fever
    • Oral vesicles
    • Ptyalism
    • Feet
    • teats
26
Q

What is BVDV? causes? signs?

A
  • PI
  • Mucosal Disease
  • Acute BVDV
  • Oral/GI/Intestinal erosions
27
Q

What is Vesicular Stomatitis? causes? signs?

A
  • Highly contagious - Reportable!
  • Caused by a Rhabdovirus
    • affects horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, humans
  • Common in Late Spring/Early Fall
    • Insect and mechanical vectors
  • Incubation 24hr post oral inoculation
  • Signs:
    • Fever, Inappetence, lameness, ptyalism
    • Oral vesicles, large erosive lesions
    • Decreased milk production
    • Less severe in young
28
Q

How is Vesicular Stomatitis diagnosed?

A
  • Call State Vet!
  • SN, CF, VI
29
Q

What is Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease? Who is affected?

A
  • Widespread in white-tailed deer
    • most subclinical
    • increased w/ overpopulation
  • Caused by Orbivirus (related to Bluetongue)
    • Transmitted by vectors (culicoides)
  • Uncommon in cattle - sporadic in association w/ EHDV in deer epidemics
  • Clinical signs are rare in sheep
  • Goats do not become viremic
30
Q

What are the signs of EHDV in cattle?

A
  • Low morbidity
  • Fever
  • Anorexia
  • Dysphagia
  • Oral edema, vesicles, erosions
    • lips & coronary bands also common
  • Ptyalism
31
Q

How is EHDV diagnosed?

A

serology

32
Q

What is Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)?

A
  • Cause:
    • Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1
    • Ovine herpesvirus-2
  • Forms:
    • Wildebeest (African) AHV-1
    • Sheep-associated OHV-2
33
Q

What are the clinical signs of MCF

A
  • High mortality, low morbidity
  • Diarrhea
  • Catarrhal nasal exudate with ocular discharge
  • Lymphadenopathy - generalized
  • Pneumonia
34
Q

How is MCF diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Histopathology
    • lymphoid panarteritis
    • GI ulcerations
  • Attempt virus isolation
35
Q

What is Bovine Papular Stomatitis?

A
  • Parapoxvirus
    • many strains
  • Young, naïve cattle (1mo - 1yr)
  • Usually asymptomatic
  • Papular
  • Morbidity can reach 100%
    • common in feeder cattle
36
Q

What are the clinical signs of BPS?

A
  • Mild:
    • Ugly muzzle, gingiva, and dental pads
  • Rarely more severe ulcerations
  • Papular lesions may look red and extensive

Food Animal Medicine (43 decks)

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