BRD Pre-weaning COPY Flashcards

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1
Q

OBJ: Describe vaccines and expected response (Killed vs modified live; viral / bacterial)

A
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2
Q

Why are diagnostic tests used?

A
  • Confirm or rule-out a disease/condition/pathogen
  • Regulatory testing
  • Influence or justify a medical recommendation
    • Antimicrobial selection
    • Autogenous vaccination
  • Support research / field trials
  • Antimicrobial stewardship
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3
Q

What is the Diagnostic Testing process?

A
  • Pre- Pre-Analytical
    • history, physical exam
  • Pre-analytical
    • Test selection & collection, transport, and receipt of specimen
  • Analytical
    • Processing and testing of sample
  • Post-analytical
    • Test reporting and interpretation
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4
Q

What are some Pre-Analytical errors?

A
  • Improper sample type
  • Improper collection technique
  • Administrative errors
    • Patient / sample misidentification
  • Inappropriate sample transport
  • Improper test ordering/inadequate case history
  • Sample/test mismatch
    • Joint fluid submitted for bacterial culture in EDTA tubes
    • Swabs in gel media for PCR
  • Incorrect pre-test processing
    • Laboratory routing errors
    • Pipetting errors
    • centrifugation errors
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5
Q

What are some Analytical errors?

A
  • Sample misidentification (lab)
  • Equipment malfunctions
  • Reagent issues
  • Improper training of personnel
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6
Q

What are some Post-analytical errors?

A
  • Reporting errors
    • Incorrect report sent
    • Report sent to wrong clinician
    • Report delayed / not sent at all
  • Failed/inadequate followed-up flan
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7
Q

How can diagnostic errors be minimized?

A
  • Pre-Analytical
    • Sample clinically affected but untreated animals (ideal)
      • Unaffected close contacts, and chronic cases would be the least rewarding
    • Samples to send
      • If there is a dead animal send everything (lung, trachea, thoracic ln, + maybe heart, kidney, spleen, liver, rumen content, intestine, and skeletal muscle)
      • Not dead - deep nasopharyngeal swab
    • Proper sample packaging
      • Protect sample form the environment/people
      • Protect people/environment form the sample (no leaks)
    • Provide case history
      • only indicate desired testing if you know exactly what is wanted
      • include signalment, clinical signs, duration of illness, necropsy findings, vaccination history, treatment history, Differential diagnoses
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