Theories of Learning Flashcards
What is OPERANT CONDITIONING? [4]
A connectionist theory.
Coach/Teacher manipulates/structures the environment to bring a desired response.
This is followed by a period of Trial & Error.
When the performer is successful this must be backed up with positive reinforcement.
What is Cognitive Theory?
Belief that skills should be learnt as a whole as if you were solving a problem in realistic situations.
INSIGHT LEARNING
What is an example of COGNITIVE THEORY?
E.g. How are you going to score against a three man defence in basketball.
What four things will the learner draw upon to solve the problem?
- past experience
- current knowledge
- intelligence
- perception
What is OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING?
We learn behaviour by observing and copying other people’s behaviour. Especially if that person is a significant other and/or their actions are reinforced by external others.
What is the flowchart for Observational Learning? [6]
Demonstration -> Attention -> Retention -> Motor Reproduction -> Motivation -> Matching Performance
What is the demonstration phase?
-demonstration must be accurate
What is the attention phase? [3]
- learner must pay attention to vital cues (verbal guidance)
- influenced by attractiveness of model (ability, status, gender)
- attention span of learner
What is the retention phase? [3]
- observer must remember the model
- mental image created
- mental rehearsal can help
What is the motor reproduction phase? [3]
- law of readiness
- learners must be physically able to copy the demonstration
- feedback helps
What is the motivation phase? [3]
- motivational levels of learner is crucial
- external reinforcement increases motivation
- relevance
What is the matching performance phase?
-performance learns the movement successfully
