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Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems > Theme 32 - digestion 2 > Flashcards

Theme 32 - digestion 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are digestive functions controlled by?

A

Nerve and hormone signals

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2
Q

What is a nerve signal?

A

Signal from the CNS within the gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

What are hormone signals?

A

Endocrine tissues and hormones

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4
Q

How do the three hormones (leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY) that control appetite do it?

A

Bind to receptors in the hypothalamus

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5
Q

What are the three hormones that control appetite?

A

Leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY

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6
Q

What is leptin secreted by?

A

By white adipose tissue when lipid content is high

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7
Q

what two hormones SUPPRESS appetite?

A

Leptin and peptide YY

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8
Q

Which hormone STIMULATES appetite?

A

Ghrelin

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9
Q

What is ghrelin secreted by?

A

By stomach when empty

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10
Q

What is peptide YY secreted by?

A

Colon when full

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11
Q

Which neurotransmitter inhibits appetite rather than stimulating it? A) nuropeptide b) gamma amino butyric acid c) proopiomelanocortin d) agouti-related peptide

A

c) proopiomelanocortin

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12
Q

What are G cells?

A

Gastrin secreting cells found deep in gastric glands

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13
Q

What two things control intestinal secretions?

A

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Cholecytokinin (CCK)

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14
Q

How does food move along the GI tract?

A

By contractions of smooth muscle (nerves and hormones)

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15
Q

What is the postprandial period ?

A

Period eating where nutrients are absorbed into the blood some are utilized and some are stored (controlled by hormones)

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16
Q

What happens in the starvation response?

A

Reorganization or metabolism to ensure long-term survival where glucose is conserved, muscles shift to lipid metabolism

17
Q

What is hypometabolism?

A

Reduction in metabolic rate so the animal can survive differing conditions

18
Q

What are the three types of hypometabolism?

A

Torpor, hibernation, estivation

19
Q

What do neural, humoral and local mechanisms control?

A

Digestive secretions

20
Q

What does the myenteric pexus control?

A

controls gut motility using pacemaker cells

Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems (22 decks)

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