Theme 15: Osmo 1 Flashcards
What are osmoconformers?
marine invertebrates that conform to the concentration of the sea water
What are the advantages and disadvantages of osmoconforming?
Advantages: do not use energy to move the water through
Disadvatages: problems occur when in different enviornments
What are osmoregulators?
marine invertebrates and vertebrates that regulate their own body concentration and stay at that concentration constantly
What are the advantages ad disadvantages of osmoregulation?
Advantage: freshwater and terrestiral environments
Disadvantages: require lots of energy
Do osmoconformers cells contain higher potassium (K+) or higher sodium (NA+) than the seawater?
higher potassium and lower sodium
What is an example of an osmoconformer?
spider crab
What type of body fluid concentration do osmoconformers have compared top their environment?
a) isotonic
b) hypotonic
c) hypertonic
Isotonic
How do osmoregulators control internal environment?
they use energy to pump ions
What is water volume and solute concentration of an organism called(how they organize their personal concentration)?
osmoregulation
What is excretion?
nitrogenous waste product elimination
How do we get rid of nitrogenous waste?
pee it out
What does peeing do?
- excrete nitrogenous waste
- regulate the concentration of water in the body
What two things are lost in feces and urine?
Salt
H2O
What exits during breathing?
water vapor
What is produced by cells during metabolism? and how is it lost?
H2O, lost by evaporation
What is osmolarity?
- concentration of solutes per volume that contribute to osmotic pressure
what is permeability?
the ability of a molecule to travel down a concentration gradient across a membrane
When does diffusion occur?
When the concentration on the inside and outside of the cell is not the same
What are aquaporins?
proteins in the cell membrane that form channels for water to pass through
in which way does water move in permeability?
- from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration
True or false: the permeability of cell membranes for water is rather poor.
True, water has a diffficult time passing through membranes and need aquaporins to form water channels
what is osmosis
the diffusion of a solute down a concentration gradient
Why might a solute not pass through a membrane?
- the membrane is non-permeable
- the concentrations are equal
What are water channels needed for?
for water to be able to go though a membrane
What are the three types of solute concentrations?
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic
What is an Isotonic concentration?
when the concentration inside and out side of the cell is the same
What is it called when the concentration of a solution is equal inside and outside of a cell?
Isotonic
What is it called when the concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?
Hypotonic
What is a Hypotonic concentration?
when the concentration outside the cell is lower than the inside so water moves in
What is a hypertonic concentration?
When the concentration outside the cell is higher than inside so water moves out of the cell
What kind of cell concentration is it called when the concentration outside of the cell is higher than the inside and so water moves outside the cell
Hypertonic SOLUTION has more concentration than the cell
Do freshwater fish or saltwater fish conserve salt?
freshwater conserve electrolytes(salt) and saltwater remove salt by gills and urine
What is osmotic pressure?
a powerful force generated by diffusion of water molecules
