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Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems > Theme 15: Osmo 1 > Flashcards

Theme 15: Osmo 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are osmoconformers?

A

marine invertebrates that conform to the concentration of the sea water

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2
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of osmoconforming?

A

Advantages: do not use energy to move the water through
Disadvatages: problems occur when in different enviornments

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3
Q

What are osmoregulators?

A

marine invertebrates and vertebrates that regulate their own body concentration and stay at that concentration constantly

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4
Q

What are the advantages ad disadvantages of osmoregulation?

A

Advantage: freshwater and terrestiral environments
Disadvantages: require lots of energy

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5
Q

Do osmoconformers cells contain higher potassium (K+) or higher sodium (NA+) than the seawater?

A

higher potassium and lower sodium

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6
Q

What is an example of an osmoconformer?

A

spider crab

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7
Q

What type of body fluid concentration do osmoconformers have compared top their environment?

a) isotonic
b) hypotonic
c) hypertonic

A

Isotonic

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8
Q

How do osmoregulators control internal environment?

A

they use energy to pump ions

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9
Q

What is water volume and solute concentration of an organism called(how they organize their personal concentration)?

A

osmoregulation

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10
Q

What is excretion?

A

nitrogenous waste product elimination

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11
Q

How do we get rid of nitrogenous waste?

A

pee it out

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12
Q

What does peeing do?

A
  • excrete nitrogenous waste

- regulate the concentration of water in the body

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13
Q

What two things are lost in feces and urine?

A

Salt

H2O

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14
Q

What exits during breathing?

A

water vapor

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15
Q

What is produced by cells during metabolism? and how is it lost?

A

H2O, lost by evaporation

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16
Q

What is osmolarity?

A
  • concentration of solutes per volume that contribute to osmotic pressure
17
Q

what is permeability?

A

the ability of a molecule to travel down a concentration gradient across a membrane

18
Q

When does diffusion occur?

A

When the concentration on the inside and outside of the cell is not the same

19
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

proteins in the cell membrane that form channels for water to pass through

20
Q

in which way does water move in permeability?

A
  • from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration
21
Q

True or false: the permeability of cell membranes for water is rather poor.

A

True, water has a diffficult time passing through membranes and need aquaporins to form water channels

22
Q

what is osmosis

A

the diffusion of a solute down a concentration gradient

23
Q

Why might a solute not pass through a membrane?

A
  • the membrane is non-permeable

- the concentrations are equal

24
Q

What are water channels needed for?

A

for water to be able to go though a membrane

25
Q

What are the three types of solute concentrations?

A

Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic

26
Q

What is an Isotonic concentration?

A

when the concentration inside and out side of the cell is the same

27
Q

What is it called when the concentration of a solution is equal inside and outside of a cell?

A

Isotonic

28
Q

What is it called when the concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell?

A

Hypotonic

29
Q

What is a Hypotonic concentration?

A

when the concentration outside the cell is lower than the inside so water moves in

30
Q

What is a hypertonic concentration?

A

When the concentration outside the cell is higher than inside so water moves out of the cell

31
Q

What kind of cell concentration is it called when the concentration outside of the cell is higher than the inside and so water moves outside the cell

A

Hypertonic SOLUTION has more concentration than the cell

32
Q

Do freshwater fish or saltwater fish conserve salt?

A

freshwater conserve electrolytes(salt) and saltwater remove salt by gills and urine

33
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

a powerful force generated by diffusion of water molecules

Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems (22 decks)

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