Theme 23: Respiration 5

Question 1

What is inspiration produced by?

Answer 1

produced by neurons in the brainstem

Question 2

Which does not increase the respiratory rate?

a) conscious effort
b) exercise
c) sleep
d) stress
e) decrease in blood levels of O2
f) increase in blood levels of CO2 or H+

Answer 2

sleep does not increase the respiratory effort

Question 3

Which does not inhibit (decrease) respiratory rate?

a) increase in blood levels of CO2 or H+
b) stretching of the lungs during inhalation
c) conscious effort (holding one’s breath as in diving)
d) sleep

Answer 3

increase in blood levels increases the respiratory rate

Question 4

What is “locked in” syndrome?

Answer 4

caused from a stroke
only can blink
breathing pattern stays constant since no control over anything

Question 5

What is Ondine’s curse?

Answer 5

have to think to breath (conscious) cannot live if they fall asleep

Question 6

What is in control of breathing?

Answer 6

metabolic chemoreceptor

Question 7

what is the most important part of the breathing control system?

Answer 7

the medulla

Question 8

what is breathing rate sensed by?

Answer 8

chemoreceptors in the system

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of the breathing system?

Answer 9

Sensor (chmoreceptor, lungs)
Central controller (brain - medulla)
Effectors (respiratory muscles)

Question 10

What are the two peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 10

carotid

aortic bodies

Question 11

what controls ventilation of the lungs?

Answer 11

neurons

Question 12

what do the peripheral and chemorecpetors control ?

Answer 12

respiration

breathing

Question 13

what is a carotid body?

Answer 13

junction of the two major arteries where oxygenated blood flows in and out

Question 14

What does a vascular sponge do and where is it?

Answer 14

• receives most blood flow of all organs
• inside the carotid body
• chemoreceptor

Question 15

What are carotid bodies important for?

Answer 15

source of hypoxic ventilatory drive

Question 16

where are the central chemoreceptors located?

Answer 16

medulla oblongata (through the mouth)

Question 17

what do central chemoreceptor cells respond to ?

Answer 17

increased CO2 in arterial blood to increase breathing

Question 18

True or False: Breathing is under both metabolic and behavioral control.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what do cells in the medulla that generate respiratory “drive” receive?

Answer 19

input from receptors in the lungs, brain, arteries, cortex

Question 20

What monitors O2 and then CO2 in arterial blood going to the brain?

Answer 20

peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 21

what did peripheral chemoreceptors evolve from?

Answer 21

gill arch receptors in fish

Question 22

where is sensitivity to hypoxia valuble?

Answer 22

at high altitude where there is partial pressure that is reduced

Question 23

true or false: Central chemoreceptors are only sensitive to CO2

Answer 23

true

Question 24

true or false: small increases above the normal arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide cause decreases in ventilation to drive off the excess.

Answer 24

false. it causes large increases in ventilation