Theme 21: Respiration 3

Question 1

in air breathers, what is increased with metabolic rate increases?

Answer 1

increase in surface area of lung for gas exchange

Question 2

True or false: Birds are capable of breathing high in the atmosphere.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

What mechanism do bird lungs use that is super efficient?

Answer 3

cross current air flow

Question 4

In what direction does the crosscurrent mechanism of oxygenation flow?

Answer 4

blood flows at 90 degrees to the direction of the oxygen

Question 5

What are the two gas exchange units in the lungs of reptiles?

Answer 5

Parabronchi: tubes in birds

Alveoli in mammals

Question 6

True or false: The bird lung is less efficient than the mammalian lung.

Answer 6

False, the bird lung is more efficient

Question 7

Are ostrich lungs more or less compact than human lungs?

Answer 7

compact

Question 8

Which way does gas flow in the parabronchi?

a) Unidirectional
b) Tidal

Answer 8

unidirectional

Question 9

What does fluidonic valving depend on?

Answer 9

the shape of the airway junctions with mesobronchus

Question 10

What is the parabronchus tube made of?(2)

Answer 10

blood vessels

air capillaries

Question 11

What is the main advantage of the parabronchus- cross current system?

Answer 11

extracts a lot of oxygen from regions where there isnt much oxygen to take

Question 12

True or false: In a cross-current arrangement the PO2 (partial pressure) of the arterial blood is hgither than the partial pressure in the exhaled gas.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What does “Boyle’s Law” do?

Answer 13

describes physics of air flow in inhalation

Question 14

What are the muscles between the ribs called?

Answer 14

intercostal muscles

Question 15

What are intercostal muscles?

Answer 15

muscles betwwen ribs that contract during inhalation to increase chest bolume and the diaphragm lowers

Question 16

true or false: the left lung is usually smaller than the right.

Answer 16

false. Left lung is bigger than the right

Question 17

How does gas flow work in birds?

Answer 17

starts as tidal in the mesobronchus and is converted to unidirectional flow in parabronchi (cross current system)

Question 18

How does gas flow in mammals?

Answer 18

the alveoli are ventilated tidally (increase when taking in air, decrease when exhaling)

Question 19

What are normal alveolar pressure determined by?

Answer 19

venous blood and inspired gas in a 1:1 ratio

Question 20

true or false: In the mammalian lung, the pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood can never exceed the pressure in expired gas.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

true or false: The pool system in the mammalian lung is much more effective than the counter or cross current systems.

Answer 21

False, much less effective

Question 22

What is the main inspiratory muscle?

Answer 22

the diaphragm