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Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems > Theme 24: Cardio 1 > Flashcards

Theme 24: Cardio 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the fluid composition in the gastrovascular system compared ot outside it?

A

it is the same other than things they have eaten

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2
Q

what are ostia?

A

holes in the heart

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3
Q

what kind of circulation is in insects?

A

open

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4
Q

what is insect blood called?

A

hemolymph

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5
Q

does the closed invertebrate system use hemolyn or hemoglobin?

A

hemoglobin

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6
Q

What is the general schematic of a vertebrae cardio system (8 parts)?

A 
Heart
large arteries
smaller arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
smaller veins
large veins
----- restart
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7
Q

What does a pump cause?

A

convection

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8
Q

what are arterioles filled with?

A

smooth muscle

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9
Q

where in the cardiovascular system does gas exchange happen?

A

capillaries

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10
Q

Where is blood oxygenized?

A

capillaries

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11
Q

What are the three types of cardiovascular systems in vertebrates?

A

Single Series
Parrellel
Double Series

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12
Q

Which is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates?

a) Single
b) Double
c) Open
d) Parrallel

A

open is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates

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13
Q

How many atriums and ventricles are in the single series system? what type of blood?

A
  • deoxygenated blood in single atrium and single ventricle
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14
Q

What has a single series system?

A

some fish

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15
Q

True or False: Single series system has no coronary circulation.

A

true

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16
Q

What are 2 problems in the single series system?

A
  • limited pumping power (low pressure - lack of oxygen)

- limited blood going to tissues

17
Q

Which cardiovascular system has low pumping power, low pressure, no oxygenated blood in the heart and oxygen doesnt go to tissues?

A

single series

18
Q

what type of circulatory system do fish have?

A

single series

19
Q

What is the simplest circulatory system?

A

single series

20
Q

Which is the most complicated circulatory system?

A

Parallel system

21
Q

What is the parallel system specialized for?

A

intermittent breathing

22
Q

What animals used a parallel system?

A

reptiles that bring oxygen though the skin

23
Q

where can blood flow go in a parallel system?

A

tissues
lung
skin

24
Q

What is the double series circulation system?

A

blood goes through heart twice
equal flow in pulmonary and systemic circulations
high arterial pressure

25
Q

Which circulatory system has complete separation of pulmonary and systemic blood?

A

double series

26
Q

what is a problem with the double series circulation system:?

A

blood flow must be equal coming out of both left and right ventricles

27
Q

Why do arteries have a thicker wall than veins?

A

they hold much higher pressures and vein needs to be inflated and deflated

28
Q

What is the capillary wall composed of?

A

single layer of endothelial cells

29
Q

what is venous return of blood to heart aided by?

A

muscle pumps and valves in the limbs

30
Q

What is not a difference between veins and arteries?

a) vein has more layers of smooth and connective tissue
b) vein has a wider lumen
c) artery has more elastic layers
e) both have an endothelium

A

a) is wrong - vein has less layers of smooth and connective tissue

31
Q

Why are closed systems better than open systems?

A

closed have the ability to differentiate tissue perfusion by capillary beds

32
Q

What animals use double series circulatory systems?

A

mammals

birds

33
Q

what animals use parallel circulatory systems?

A

amphibians (reptiles)

34
Q

what animals have a systemic supply to heart muscle (coronary circulation)?

A

mammals

birds

35
Q

how do arterioles control local flow?

A

varying resistance

36
Q

true or false: Cappillaries have large surface area for exchange with tissues.

A

true

37
Q

what do arteries reduce? why?

A

redule pulse pressure because they are conduit vessels

38
Q

What are veins and venules?

A

conductance and capacitance vessels

Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems (22 decks)

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