Theme 24: Cardio 1 Flashcards
What is the fluid composition in the gastrovascular system compared ot outside it?
it is the same other than things they have eaten
what are ostia?
holes in the heart
what kind of circulation is in insects?
open
what is insect blood called?
hemolymph
does the closed invertebrate system use hemolyn or hemoglobin?
hemoglobin
What is the general schematic of a vertebrae cardio system (8 parts)?
Heart large arteries smaller arteries arterioles capillaries venules smaller veins large veins ----- restart
What does a pump cause?
convection
what are arterioles filled with?
smooth muscle
where in the cardiovascular system does gas exchange happen?
capillaries
Where is blood oxygenized?
capillaries
What are the three types of cardiovascular systems in vertebrates?
Single Series
Parrellel
Double Series
Which is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates?
a) Single
b) Double
c) Open
d) Parrallel
open is not a cardiovascular system in vertebrates
How many atriums and ventricles are in the single series system? what type of blood?
- deoxygenated blood in single atrium and single ventricle
What has a single series system?
some fish
True or False: Single series system has no coronary circulation.
true
What are 2 problems in the single series system?
- limited pumping power (low pressure - lack of oxygen)
- limited blood going to tissues
Which cardiovascular system has low pumping power, low pressure, no oxygenated blood in the heart and oxygen doesnt go to tissues?
single series
what type of circulatory system do fish have?
single series
What is the simplest circulatory system?
single series
Which is the most complicated circulatory system?
Parallel system
What is the parallel system specialized for?
intermittent breathing
What animals used a parallel system?
reptiles that bring oxygen though the skin
where can blood flow go in a parallel system?
tissues
lung
skin
What is the double series circulation system?
blood goes through heart twice
equal flow in pulmonary and systemic circulations
high arterial pressure
Which circulatory system has complete separation of pulmonary and systemic blood?
double series
what is a problem with the double series circulation system:?
blood flow must be equal coming out of both left and right ventricles
Why do arteries have a thicker wall than veins?
they hold much higher pressures and vein needs to be inflated and deflated
What is the capillary wall composed of?
single layer of endothelial cells
what is venous return of blood to heart aided by?
muscle pumps and valves in the limbs
What is not a difference between veins and arteries?
a) vein has more layers of smooth and connective tissue
b) vein has a wider lumen
c) artery has more elastic layers
e) both have an endothelium
a) is wrong - vein has less layers of smooth and connective tissue
Why are closed systems better than open systems?
closed have the ability to differentiate tissue perfusion by capillary beds
What animals use double series circulatory systems?
mammals
birds
what animals use parallel circulatory systems?
amphibians (reptiles)
what animals have a systemic supply to heart muscle (coronary circulation)?
mammals
birds
how do arterioles control local flow?
varying resistance
true or false: Cappillaries have large surface area for exchange with tissues.
true
what do arteries reduce? why?
redule pulse pressure because they are conduit vessels
What are veins and venules?
conductance and capacitance vessels
