Theme 28 - TempMet 1 Flashcards
What is ambient temperature?
temperature of the animals surroundings
which is not part of the combination of the thermal strategy?
a) bahavioural
b) biochemical
c) chemical
d) physiological
chemical
what does temperal mean?
time
what is the difference between the hot desert and alpine thermal niches?
hot desert is way too hot in day and too cold at night
alpine is extreme cold, desicating and dry, low partial pressue
What are the two major thermal strategies?
tolerance
regulation
what is the difference between tolerance and regulation?
tolerance means the body temperature varies with ambient temperature and regulation means it does not
What are the two types of animals that have different sources of thermal energy?
ectotherm
endotherm
what is an ectotherm?
environment determines body temp
what is an endotherm?
animal regulates its own body temp
what are the two variabilities of body temp animals?
poikilotherm
homeotherm
what is a poikilotherm?
animal with variable body temp
what is a homeotherm?
animal with stable body temp
is a reptile a endotherm or ectotherm and a homeotherm or poikilotherm?
ectotherm and poikilotherm
how does thermal energy move?
down a temperature gradient from hot thing to cold thing
true or false: thermal energy can mobe from the animal to the environment and vice versa?
true
what is conduction?
transfer of thermal energy from one object or fluid to another
what is heat flux?
rate of transfer from warm to cold
what is convection?
transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external medium that is moving (ex wind)
what three things does rate of heat exchange depend on?
the thermal gradient
rate of flow of the fluid
conductivity of the fluid
what is radiation?
emission of electromagnetic radiation which is a source of heat gain
radiating heat
what do basking animals have to absorb thermal energy?
black and brown pigments
what is evaporation?
water molecules absorb thermal energy from a surface when making the transition from liquid to vapor
what increases the heat of vaporization?
salt
what is bergmanns rule to do with surface area to volume ratio?
animals living in cold environments are larger to use body heat different ways
what is allens rule to do with surface area to volume ratio?
animals in colder climates have smaller extremities (arctic hare has smaller ears than desert jackrabbit)
what is insulation?
layer of material that reduces thermal exchange with environment
what are 6 types of insulation?
internal: 1. fat External: 2. hair 3. fur 4. feathers 5. air 6. water
what is a temporal heterotherm?
changes over time
ex. hibernating animals, sleeping humans
what is a regional heterotherm?
body temp varies in regions of the body
ex. billfish
how do small birds save metabolic energy and reduce heat loss?
let body temp fall as ambient temp falls at night
what part of insects is warmer ? the thorax or abdomen?
thorax
what are the three thermal zones of homeotherms?
thermoneutral zone
upper critical temperature
lower critical temperature
what is the thermoneutral zone of homeotherms?
optimal range of temps for physiological processes like metabolic rate
what is the upper critical temperature of homeotherms?
metabolic rate increases as animal induces physiological response to prevent overheating
what is the lower critical temperature of homeotherms?
metabolic rate increases to increase heat production
true or false: Ecosystems vary in temperature spatially and not temporally.
false, both vary
what is thermal energy generated by?
metabolism
what are the 4 ways thermal energy is transfered?
conduction
convection
radiation
evaporation
what are the two types of endothermy?
regional
temporal
what do homeotherms produce to defend body temp if ambient temp is above or below the thermoneutral zone?
physiological responses
