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Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems > Theme 25 - Cardio 2 > Flashcards

Theme 25 - Cardio 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the heart (a pump) generate?

A

flow and pressure

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2
Q

What are the differences between right and left ventricle in size?

A
  • right is thinly lined for lower pressure
  • not side to side
  • right is squished
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3
Q

What do the atrial/ventrical and pulmonary and aortic outflow valves depend on?

A

pressure gradient

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4
Q

What is a cardiac pacemaker?

A

a group of specialized muscle calls which control flow in the heart SA node

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5
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

muscle cells generate electrical signal that controls the heart (pacemaker)

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6
Q

What does parasympathetic information do to heart rate?

A

slow it down

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7
Q

What type of neural input slows heart rate down?

A

parasympathetic

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8
Q

What does sympathetic information do to heart rate?

A

speeds it up

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9
Q

What type of neural input speeds heart rate up?

A

sympathetic

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10
Q

What is rhythm in the heart maintained by?

A

SA node - pacemaker

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11
Q

What are electrically interconnected syncytium formed by?

A

cardiac muscle cells

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12
Q

what is atrial depolarization and contraction of the muscle caused by?

A

neural impulse travels through atrial muscle fibers

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13
Q

what is deposited into muscle fibers to make them contract?

A

calcium

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14
Q

What do t waves and p waves mean in the ECG?

A 
pwave = atrial depolarization
twave = ventricular repolarization
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15
Q

What does PVC stand for?

A

premature ventrical contractions

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16
Q

What does PAC stand for?

A

premature atrial contractions

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17
Q

what is an abnormal heart conduction called?

A

a heart block

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18
Q

What are 4 heart blocks?

A

first degree block
second degree block
bundle branch
third degree

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19
Q

What does pressure coming back from the veins (venous pressure) cause?

A

blood to enter the ventricles

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20
Q

what does plaque cause?

A

bigger pulse pressure

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21
Q

what do big pressure pulses cause?

A

aortic anerism

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22
Q

Why does the mitral valve close?

A

so that flow doesnt go backwards

23
Q

What is cardiac contraction?

A

myogenic - intrinsic property of cardiac muscle cells

24
Q

What does the heart (a pump) generate?

A

flow and pressure

25
Q

What are the differences between right and left ventricle in size?

A
  • right is thinly lined for lower pressure
  • not side to side
  • right is squished
26
Q

What do the atrial/ventrical and pulmonary and aortic outflow valves depend on?

A

pressure gradient

27
Q

What is a cardiac pacemaker?

A

a group of specialized muscle calls which control flow in the heart SA node

28
Q

What does the SA node do?

A

muscle cells generate electrical signal that controls the heart (pacemaker)

29
Q

What does parasympathetic information do to heart rate?

A

slow it down

30
Q

What type of neural input slows heart rate down?

A

parasympathetic

31
Q

What does sympathetic information do to heart rate?

A

speeds it up

32
Q

What type of neural input speeds heart rate up?

A

sympathetic

33
Q

What is rhythm in the heart maintained by?

A

SA node - pacemaker

34
Q

What are electrically interconnected syncytium formed by?

A

cardiac muscle cells

35
Q

what is atrial depolarization and contraction of the muscle caused by?

A

neural impulse travels through atrial muscle fibers

36
Q

what is deposited into muscle fibers to make them contract?

A

calcium

37
Q

What do t waves and p waves mean in the ECG?

A 
twave = repolarization
pwave = depolarization
38
Q

What does PVC stand for?

A

premature ventrical contractions

39
Q

What does PAC stand for?

A

premature atrial contractions

40
Q

what is an abnormal heart conduction called?

A

a heart block

41
Q

What are 4 heart blocks?

A

first degree block
second degree block
bundle branch
third degree

42
Q

What does pressure coming back from the veins (venous pressure) cause?

A

blood to enter the ventricles

43
Q

what does plaque cause?

A

bigger pulse pressure

44
Q

what do big pressure pulses cause?

A

aortic anerism

45
Q

Why does the mitral valve close?

A

so that flow doesnt go backwards

46
Q

What is cardiac contraction?

A

myogenic - intrinsic property of cardiac muscle cells

47
Q

What do sino-atrial nodes do?

A

depolarize spontaneously

48
Q

What do SA node cells lack?

A

actin/myosin

49
Q

What does depolarization spread by?

A

cell membrane to cell membrane by intercalated disks (low electrical resistance pathways)

50
Q

what do specialized electrical conduction pathways allow?

A

coordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles

51
Q

what do slow electrical conduction at the atrio-ventricular (AV) node do?

A

give time for ventricles to fill before contracting

52
Q

what detects heart blocks?

A

ECG and surface electrodes

53
Q

How do you look at heart with pressure?

A

pressure volume loop QRS complex (isovolumetric contraction)

Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems (22 decks)

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