Theme 31 - Digestion 1

Question 1

What is assimilation?

Answer 1

Process of nutrient acquisition, digestion, absorption

Question 2

Where does assimilation take place?

Answer 2

the gastrointestinal Tract

Question 3

What is egestion?

Answer 3

The excretion of undigested food

Question 4

What is Caloric equivalent?

Answer 4

The energy content of a gram of a specific macromolecule

Question 5

In what two ways is energy lost?

Answer 5

indigestible energy

unmetabolizable energy

Question 6

What are minerals?

Answer 6

metallic elements that participate in protein structure

Question 7

Whats an example of a mineral?

Answer 7

calcium
phosphorus
Iron
Copper
Zinc

Question 8

What are vitamins?

Answer 8

groups of unrelated molecules with functions as catalysts

Question 9

What are amino acids?

Answer 9

building blocks of proteins

Question 10

What is the most important part of amino acids?

Answer 10

Protein quality

Question 11

what are fatty acids made from?

Answer 11

acetyl CoA

Question 12

What do enzymes do?

Answer 12

Break down big molecules so that they can be absorbed and processed

Question 13

How does digestion take place? and where?

Answer 13

Extracellularily in the lumen

Question 14

In which two ways are nutrients transported across the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

Transported by protein carriers and vesicles

Question 15

What is secreted in the GI tract to break down lipids?

Answer 15

bile

Question 16

What happens with small and large lipids in emulsion?

Answer 16

small lipids are diffused by a diffusion gradient, larger lipids are coated by proteins and move into the lymph (blood)

Question 17

how are lipoproteins carried?

Answer 17

in the blood as lipoprotein complexes

Question 18

What are the 3 main types of symbionts?

Answer 18

enterosymbionts, exosymbionts, endosymbionts

Question 19

What is gut flora used for?

Answer 19

training the immune system to respond only to pathogens

Question 20

Why must diet provide energy and materials?

Answer 20

to satisfy metabolic needs

Question 21

What 5 things are vital in the human diet?

Answer 21

Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates

Question 22

What is a major problem with fats?

Answer 22

They are hydrophobic so they are hard to break down, that’s why we have bile

Question 23

Why are symbiotic organisms important in digestion?

Answer 23

To digest things such as cellulose which cannot otherwise be digested