Theme 11 - the muscular-skeletal system and locomotion Flashcards
Which is not a type of skeleton?
a) hydrostatic
b) exoskeleton
c) hypostatic
d) endoskeleton
hypostatic
Which is not a function of the skeleton?
a) support
b) locomotion
c) absorption
d) protection
absorption
which is not a feature of the hydrostatic skeleton?
a) water is nearly incompressible
b) hydrostatic pressure is used to move the body
c) have darians (body and tentacles can elongate or shorten)
d) composed of muscle and water-based fluid
e) earthworms are an example
c) they have cnidarians not darians
What is the one correct feature of the exoskeleton?
a) segmented for movement
b) one complexity
c) one long shell
the exoskeleton is segmented for movement
What is the feature of endoskeletons?
a) internal structure made of only cartilage
b) segmented for movement
c) internal structure made of only bone
d) internal structure made of bone and cartilage
Endoskeleton’s internal structures are made of cartilage and bone
Do the endo skeletons protect body surface or internal organs ?
internal organs
which is an example of an endoskeletal organism?
a) vertebrates
b) earthworms
c) ant
vertebrates have endoskeletons
Which are the two parts of the vertebrate skeleton? (2 a’s)
axial
appendicular
Is the axial skeleton the main longitudinal axis or limb bones and girdles?
the main longitudinal axis
what part of the vertebrate skeleton is made of limb bones and girdles?
appendicular
What is rickets not from?
a) low potassium levels
b) low vitamin D
c) low calcium
low potassium levels
Which of the following are bone-forming cells?
a) osteoblasts
b) osteoids
c) osteocytes
osteoblasts
What are the three tupes of muscle?
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
what are muscle fibres bound into?
bundles of connective tissue
what does a cross bridge bind to?
a) Ca 2+
b) actin
c) myosin
actin
What are the four parts of the cross-bridge cycle?
binds to actin
power stroke
ATP binds to myosin
Hydrolysis of ATP
Does Na+ flow in or out of muscle cells to depolarize and start and action potential?
it flows into the muscle cell
When does tropomyosin cover myosin-binding sites?
a) in absence of Ca
b) when there is Ca
c) when there is an overload of Ca
in absence of Ca
Which is not a classification of ATP synthesis metabolically?
a) slow oxidative fibres
b) slow glycolitic fibres
c) fast oxidative fibres
d) fast glycolitic fibres
cannot be slow glycolitic fibres
Which is the “skeleton-preserving hormone”?
a) calcitonin
b) growth hormone
c) parathyroid hormone
calcitonin - protects against loss of Ca
What type of ion channel is the Nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) ligand-gated
b) ion-gated
c) electrical
ligand gated
Which two are incorrect about myosin ATPase activity?
a) slow fibers have myosin with a lower ATPase activity
b) Fast fibers contain myosin with high ATPase activity
c) slow fibers have myosin with a high ATPase activity
d) fast fibers contain myosin with low ATPase activity
c and d are wrong
How can you prevent osteoporosis?
exercise
Which kind of tissue is bone made of?
a) connective
b) epithelial
c) skeletal
dense connective
Which endocrine gland secretes the parathyroid hormone?
parathyroid glands
What are myofibers composted of?
a) actin and myosin
b) actin
c) myosin
d) tendonis
actin and myosin (actomyosin)
what do tendons do?
connect bones to skeletal muscle
What do sarcomeres do as thin filaments slide past stationary thick filaments?
a) shorten
b) lengthen
c) stay the same
shorten
What does actin form?(2)
Troponin
Tropomyosin
What is another name for the Transverse tubules that are invaginations of the plasma membrane where the AP is conducted?
T-tubules
what do Action Potentials trigger?
contraction causeing CA to return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Do oxidative contain lots or few mitochondria? lots or little myoglobin?
lots of both
Do glycolytic fibres have high or low mitochonria and myoglobin?
low of both
what do glycolytic fibres have that oxidative fibres dont?
glycogen
Do slow or fast oxidative fibres have more ATP?
both can but slow has lower rates of ATPase
do oxidative of glycolytic fibres fatigue easier?
glycolytic fatigue
what does aerobic exercise increase?
mitochondria stores
