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Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems > Theme 11 - the muscular-skeletal system and locomotion > Flashcards

Theme 11 - the muscular-skeletal system and locomotion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which is not a type of skeleton?

a) hydrostatic
b) exoskeleton
c) hypostatic
d) endoskeleton

A

hypostatic

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2
Q

Which is not a function of the skeleton?

a) support
b) locomotion
c) absorption
d) protection

A

absorption

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3
Q

which is not a feature of the hydrostatic skeleton?

a) water is nearly incompressible
b) hydrostatic pressure is used to move the body
c) have darians (body and tentacles can elongate or shorten)
d) composed of muscle and water-based fluid
e) earthworms are an example

A

c) they have cnidarians not darians

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4
Q

What is the one correct feature of the exoskeleton?

a) segmented for movement
b) one complexity
c) one long shell

A

the exoskeleton is segmented for movement

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5
Q

What is the feature of endoskeletons?

a) internal structure made of only cartilage
b) segmented for movement
c) internal structure made of only bone
d) internal structure made of bone and cartilage

A

Endoskeleton’s internal structures are made of cartilage and bone

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6
Q

Do the endo skeletons protect body surface or internal organs ?

A

internal organs

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7
Q

which is an example of an endoskeletal organism?

a) vertebrates
b) earthworms
c) ant

A

vertebrates have endoskeletons

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8
Q

Which are the two parts of the vertebrate skeleton? (2 a’s)

A

axial

appendicular

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9
Q

Is the axial skeleton the main longitudinal axis or limb bones and girdles?

A

the main longitudinal axis

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10
Q

what part of the vertebrate skeleton is made of limb bones and girdles?

A

appendicular

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11
Q

What is rickets not from?

a) low potassium levels
b) low vitamin D
c) low calcium

A

low potassium levels

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12
Q

Which of the following are bone-forming cells?

a) osteoblasts
b) osteoids
c) osteocytes

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

What are the three tupes of muscle?

A

cardiac
smooth
skeletal

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14
Q

what are muscle fibres bound into?

A

bundles of connective tissue

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15
Q

what does a cross bridge bind to?

a) Ca 2+
b) actin
c) myosin

A

actin

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16
Q

What are the four parts of the cross-bridge cycle?

A

binds to actin
power stroke
ATP binds to myosin
Hydrolysis of ATP

17
Q

Does Na+ flow in or out of muscle cells to depolarize and start and action potential?

A

it flows into the muscle cell

18
Q

When does tropomyosin cover myosin-binding sites?

a) in absence of Ca
b) when there is Ca
c) when there is an overload of Ca

A

in absence of Ca

19
Q

Which is not a classification of ATP synthesis metabolically?

a) slow oxidative fibres
b) slow glycolitic fibres
c) fast oxidative fibres
d) fast glycolitic fibres

A

cannot be slow glycolitic fibres

20
Q

Which is the “skeleton-preserving hormone”?

a) calcitonin
b) growth hormone
c) parathyroid hormone

A

calcitonin - protects against loss of Ca

21
Q

What type of ion channel is the Nicotinic ACh receptor?

a) ligand-gated
b) ion-gated
c) electrical

A

ligand gated

22
Q

Which two are incorrect about myosin ATPase activity?

a) slow fibers have myosin with a lower ATPase activity
b) Fast fibers contain myosin with high ATPase activity
c) slow fibers have myosin with a high ATPase activity
d) fast fibers contain myosin with low ATPase activity

A

c and d are wrong

23
Q

How can you prevent osteoporosis?

A

exercise

24
Q

Which kind of tissue is bone made of?

a) connective
b) epithelial
c) skeletal

A

dense connective

25
Q

Which endocrine gland secretes the parathyroid hormone?

A

parathyroid glands

26
Q

What are myofibers composted of?

a) actin and myosin
b) actin
c) myosin
d) tendonis

A

actin and myosin (actomyosin)

27
Q

what do tendons do?

A

connect bones to skeletal muscle

28
Q

What do sarcomeres do as thin filaments slide past stationary thick filaments?

a) shorten
b) lengthen
c) stay the same

A

shorten

29
Q

What does actin form?(2)

A

Troponin

Tropomyosin

30
Q

What is another name for the Transverse tubules that are invaginations of the plasma membrane where the AP is conducted?

A

T-tubules

31
Q

what do Action Potentials trigger?

A

contraction causeing CA to return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

Do oxidative contain lots or few mitochondria? lots or little myoglobin?

A

lots of both

33
Q

Do glycolytic fibres have high or low mitochonria and myoglobin?

A

low of both

34
Q

what do glycolytic fibres have that oxidative fibres dont?

A

glycogen

35
Q

Do slow or fast oxidative fibres have more ATP?

A

both can but slow has lower rates of ATPase

36
Q

do oxidative of glycolytic fibres fatigue easier?

A

glycolytic fatigue

37
Q

what does aerobic exercise increase?

A

mitochondria stores

Bio 224 - Animal Body Systems (22 decks)

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