Theme 22: Respiration 4 Flashcards
What is oxygen transported with?
hemoglobin
What is carbon dioxide transported as and where?
as a bicarbonate ion in the plasma
What direction do CO2 and O2 go in the capillaries?
CO2 = out O2 = in
What does exchange of gases down a partial pressure gradient do?
cause oxygen partial pressure to go up and carbon dioxide partial pressure to go down
Do you need a smaller pressure gradient to move the O2 in or out?
in
does a pulmonary artery carry mixed venous blood or arterial blood?
mixed venous blood
where is arterial blood carried?
pulmonary vein
why is hemoglobin needed to transport oxygen in the blood?
oxygen is very insoluble in plasma water so you can barely transport any
What is hemoglobin?
a carrier protein that can transport lots of oxygen at an arterial partial pressure
What does carbon monoxide cause?
anemia
where is hemoglobin stored?
behind red blood cell membranes
What does hemoglobin have to bind to oxygen?
iron core
What are the 4 sub units in hemoglobin?
2 alpha
2 beta
What is carrying capacity for hemoglobin?
whether it is completely saturated or not
What do the sub-units of hemoglobin do as oxygen is added?
the break down into the 4 (for four oxygen molecules)
How are salt bridge bonds strengthened?
the joining of hydrogen ions to make the affinity betwwen hemoglobin and oxygen less
What does carbon monoxide do to the blood transport system?
makes it high affinity and wont release the oxygen
What is anemia?
a poison that reduces the blood oxygen concentration by reducing carrying capacity
How is bicarbonate transported in plasma?
formed in RBCs with carbonic anhydrase enzyme
Why does diffusion occur in blood?
concentration of the red blood cell is higher than the plasm
what happens to the hemoglobin molecules as the oxygen loads?
change from tense to relaxed state
What is the shape of the dissociation curve?
S shaped (sigmoid)
what does a reduced affinity mean?
right shift, produced by CO2 and H+ what strengthen bonds and promotes tense states
what is CO2 transported as bicarbonate HCO3 through?
the plasma produced by RBCs with aid from carbonic anhydrase enzyme
