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Anatomy > The Upper Extremities > Flashcards

The Upper Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

When looking at the forearm which bone (radius/ulna) is medial and which is lateral

A

the radius is lateral
the ulna is medial
(assuming anatomical position

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2
Q

What type of joint is the thumb joint of the metacarpal bone of the thumb with the carpus ?

A

saddle joint

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3
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints ?

A

condylar joints or ellipsoid joints

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4
Q

what type of joints are the interphangeal joints ?

A

hinge joints

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5
Q

What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff ?

A

subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus and the teres minor muscles

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6
Q

What is the thenar eminence ?

A

a soft tissue mount over the palmar aspect of metacarpal 1 and allow the thumb to freely move relative to the other fingers

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7
Q

What forms the axillary inlet

A

lateral margin of rib 1
posterior surface of clavicle
superior margin of the scapula
medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

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8
Q

the brachial plexus is formed by what nerves ?

A

anterior rami of cervical spine c5c8 and T1

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9
Q

If a doctor wanted to examine a patients lower cervical and T 1 nerves how would they do this ?

A

they would examine the dermatomes, myotomes, and tendon reflexes in the upper limb (clinical signs of these nerves usually exhibit in the upper limb brachial plexus)`

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10
Q

IF you are looking to test the C5 dermatome what test are you going to do?

A

test the upper lateral region of the arm

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11
Q

Where do you test for the C6 dermatome

A

palmar pad of the thumb

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12
Q

Where do you test for the C7 dermatome

A

pad of the index finger

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13
Q

Where do you test for C8 dermatome

A

pad of little finger

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14
Q

how do you test for the T1 dermatome

A

skin on the medial aspect of the elbow

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15
Q

how do you test for the mytome at C5

A

abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

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16
Q

how do you test for the myotome at c6

A

fletion of the forearm at the elbow joint

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17
Q

how do you test for the myotome at c7

A

extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

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18
Q

how do you test for the myotome at c8

A

flexion of the fingers

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19
Q

how do you test for the myotome at t1

A

abduction and adduction of the index, middle, and ring fingers

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20
Q

if a patient is unconcious how do you test for the c6 somatic sensory and motor functions

A

tap on the cubital fossa

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21
Q

if a patient is unconcious how do you test for the somatic sensory and motor functions of c7

A

tap on the tendon of the triceps posterior to the elbow

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22
Q

What spinal cord level is associated with the diaphragm?

A

C4

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23
Q

all of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by what nerve

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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24
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve innervates what region of the skin

A

anterolateral side of the forearm

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25
Q

median nerve innervates what region of the skin

A

palmar surface of the lateral three and one half digits

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26
Q

the ulnar nerve innervates what region of the skin

A

supplies skin on the posterior surface of the forearm and the dorsolateral surface of the hand

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27
Q

where does the axillary nerve pass

A

around the posterior aspect of the upper part of the humerus (surgical neck)

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28
Q

where does the radial nerve pass

A

around the the posterior surface of the middle humerus in the radial groove

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29
Q

where does the ulnar nerve pass

A

passes posteriorrly to the medial epicondyle on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus

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30
Q

which tubercle on the humerus is lateral in position

A

greater tubercle

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31
Q

which muscle attaches to the superior facet of the greater tubercle

A

supraspinatus

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32
Q

which muscle attaches to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

infraspinatus

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33
Q

which muscle attaches to the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the hmerus

A

teres minor

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34
Q

what muscle attaches to the less tubercle of the humerus

A

subscapularis muscle

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35
Q

which nerve and artery can be damaged when the surgical neck of the humerus fractures

A

axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery

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36
Q

what are the three joints in the shoulder

A

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and the glenohumeral joints

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37
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

saddle shoaped synovial jint

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38
Q

what are the ligaments that stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

A

interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, anteiror and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

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39
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial joint

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40
Q

What are the two ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament which breaks into the trapezoid ligament and the conoid ligament

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41
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket joint

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42
Q

what is the fibrocartilagenous collar on the glenoid cavity called

A

glenoid labrum

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43
Q

what is the vascular supply to the glenohumeral joint /

A

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries

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44
Q

What innervates the glenohumeral joint /

A

branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and from the suprascapuar, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves

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45
Q

asking a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance is testing what nerve ?

A

accessory nerve

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46
Q

Trapezius OIIA

A

origin-superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberence, medial margine of lig nuch, and spinous processes oc C7-T12
insertion-superior edge of the scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral one third of the clavicle
innervation-spinal accessory nerve
action-elevator of the scapula, rotates scapula, and allows humerus to go above horizontal

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47
Q

Deltoid OIIA

A

origin- inferior edge of spine of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
insertion-deltoid tuberosity
innervation-axillary nerve C5
action- abductor of arm

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48
Q

Levator Scapulae OIIA

A

origin- transverse processes of C1-C2 and posterior tubercles of C3 and C4
insertion- medial border of scapula superior angle to root of spine
innervation- anterior rami of C4 and C4 and branches of C5 dorsal scapular nerve
action-elevates the scapula

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49
Q

Rhomboid Minor OIIA

A

origin- spinous processes of C7-T1
insertion- posterior surface of medial border of scapula
innervation-dorsal scapular nerve c4c5
action- elevates and retracts the scapula

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50
Q

Rhomboid Major OIIA

A

origin-spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion-posterior surface of medial border of scapula
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
action- elevates and retracts the scapula

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51
Q

supraspinatus OIIA

A

origin- medial 2/3rds of supraspinous fossa
insertion-superior facet of greater tubercle
innervation- suprascapular nerve, C5
action-rotator cuff muscle

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52
Q

infraspinatus OIIA

A

origin-medial 2/3rds of infraspinous fossa
insertion-middle facet of greater tubercle
innervation-suprascapular nerve C5
action-rotator cuff

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53
Q

teres minor OIIA

A

origin-posterior surface of scapula near lateral border
insertion-inferior facet of greater tubercle
innervation-axillary nerve, C5
action-rotator cuff muscle

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54
Q

teres major OIIA

A

origin- oval area of posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula
insertion medial ip of the intertubercular sulcus on anterior surface of humerus
innervation-inferior subscapular nerve, c5,6,7
action- medial rotation and extension of arm

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55
Q

long head of triceps brachii OIIA

A

origin-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion-olecranon process
innervation-radial nerve c7
action- extension of forearm at the elbow joint

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56
Q

What forms the suprascapular foramen

A

route through which structures pass between the base of the neck and the posterior scapular region formed by the suprascapular ligament, (nerve passes through the foramen and the artery and vein pass over the ligament

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57
Q

What forms the quadrangular space ?

A

inferior margin of teres minor, surgical neck of humerus, superior margin of teres major and lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii

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58
Q

What makes the triangular space?

A

medial margin of the long head of the triceps brachii
superior margin of the teres major
inferior margin of the teres minor

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59
Q

What vein and artery pass through the triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery and vein

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60
Q

what makes up the triagular interval

A

lateral margin of the long head of triceps brachii
shaft of the humerus
inferior margin of the teres major

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61
Q

What nerves and or artery or veins pass through the triagular interval

A

radial nerve, profunda brachii artery and profunda brachii vein

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62
Q

what two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate /

A

infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles

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63
Q

the axillary nerve innervates ?

A

deltoid and the teres minor muscles

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64
Q

what function does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve have ( branch of the axillary nerve)

A

general sensation from the skin over the inferior part of the deltoid muscle

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65
Q

what three major arteries are found in the posterior scapular region?

A

suprascapular, posterior circumflex humeral, and the circumflex scapular arteries

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66
Q

Quadrangular space syndrome ?

A

hypertrophy of the quandrangular space muscles or fibrosis of the muscle edges may impinge the axillary nerve which produces atrophy of the teres minor muscle and may affect the control of the rotator cuff muscles exert on shoulder movement

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67
Q

the suprascapular artery is a branch of the _______ artery

A

subclavian artery

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68
Q

how is the axillary inlet formed

A

lateral margin of rib 1, clavicle, superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

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69
Q

how is the anterior wall of the axilla formed ?

A

pectoralis major and minor muscles, subclavius muscles and clavipectoral fascia

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70
Q

how is the lateral wall formed of the axilla

A

intertubercular sulcus

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71
Q

how is the posterior wall formed of the axilla

A

subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles, and long head of triceps brachii muscle

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72
Q

how is the medial wall of the axilla formed

A

upper thoracic wall and serratus anterior muscles

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73
Q

how is the floor of the axilla formed

A

skin of armpit

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74
Q

pectoralis major OIIA

A

origin-clavicular head, sterunum, and first 7 costal cartilages and sternal end of 6th rib
insertion-lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
innervation-medial and lateral pectoral nerves, clavicular head and sternocostal head c5 and c7
action- flexion, addiction and medial rotation of arm

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75
Q

subclavius OIIA

A

origin-first rib at junction between rib and costal cartilage
insertion- groove on inferior surface of middle one-third of clavicle
innervation-nerve to subclavias c5, c6
action- pulls tip of sholder down, clavical medially and stabilizes sternoclavicular joint

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76
Q

pectoralis minor OIIA

A

origin- anterior surfaces and superior borders of ribs 3-5
insertion- coracoid process of scapula
innervation-medial pectoral nerve c7c8
action-pulls tip of sholder down, protracts scapula

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77
Q

serratus anterior OIIA

A

origin-lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
insertion-costal surface of medial border of scapula
innervation-long thoracic nerce c5
action-protraction of scapula, keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall

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78
Q

what structuress pass between the subclavius and the pectoralis minor muscles

A

cephalic ein, thoraco-acromial artery, and the lateral pectoral nerve

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79
Q

what structure passes through the medial wall and into the axilla ?

A

intercostobrachial nerve

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80
Q

what happens when there is damage to the long thoracic nerve

A

winged scapula

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81
Q

subscapularis OIIA

A

origin- medial two thirds of subscapular fossa
insertion- lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves c6
action- rotator cuff muscle, medial rotation of arm

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82
Q

Latisimus dorsi OIIA

A

origin-spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs

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83
Q

what is the floor of the axilla supported by

A

clavipectoral fascia

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84
Q

biceps brachii OIIA

A

orgin- supraglenoid tubercle of scapulal apex of coracoid process
insertion- tuberosity of radius
innervation- musculocutaneous nerve c5, c6
action-powerful flexor of forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of forearm

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85
Q

coracobrachialis OIIA

A

origin-apex of coracoid process
insertion- linear roughening on midshaft of humerus on medial side
innervation- musculocutaneous nerce c567
action- flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint; adducts arm

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86
Q

What does the superior thoracic artery supply

A

upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls

87
Q

what does the thoracoacromial artery supply

A

anterior axillary wall and related regions

88
Q

what does the lateral thoracic artery supply

A

medial and anterior walls of the axilla

89
Q

what artery helps supply blood to the breast

A

lateral thoracic artery supply

90
Q

what supplies blood to the glenoid humeral joint

A

anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex artery

91
Q

where is a good place to insert a needle to give patients fluids

A

anatomical stuff box or cubital fossa

92
Q

the brachial plexus is a somatic plexus fromed by the anterior rami of what ?

A

c5-c8 and T1 anterior ramus

93
Q

what are the four major parts of the brachial plexus

A

trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves

94
Q

What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus

A

superior trunk which is formed from the union of C5 and C6
middle trunk which is from C7
inferior trunk which is formed from the union of C8 and T1 rami

95
Q

lateral cord

A

results from the union of the anterior from C5 and C6 and the anterior of C7

96
Q

medial cord

A

contributions from C8 and T1

97
Q

posterior cord

A

has contributions from all of the roots of the brachial plexus

98
Q

What are the branches from the roots of the brachial plexus

A

the long thoracic and the dorsal scapular nerve and contributions to phrenic nerve originate from the C5 root (long thoracic is from the C5, C6, and C7 roots)

99
Q

What are the branches from the trunks of the brachial plexus

A

suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the subclavian; both come from the superior trunk

100
Q

What are the branches from the cords of the brachial plus

A

lateral- lateral pectoral nerve
posterior- superior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, inferior subscapular nerve
medial-medial pectoral nerve, medial brachaial cutaneous, median antebrachrial cutaneous

101
Q

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate ?

A

rhomboid major and the rhomboid minor muscles

102
Q

what does the long thoracic nerve innervate ?

A

serratus anterior muscle

103
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate ?

A

supraspinatus and the infraspinatus muscles

104
Q

What does the nerve to the subclavius innervate ?

A

subclavius muscle

105
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate

A

pectoralis major muscle

106
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

all three flexor muscles of the arm

107
Q

what does the medial pectoral nerve innervate

A

pectoralis minor muscle

108
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

pathological thickening and contraction of tthe palmar aponeurosis due to mechanical microtraumas (carpenters) and the fingers are permanently in flexion

109
Q

carpel tunnel syndrome

A

inflammatory processes of the carpal tunnel put pressure on the median nerve

110
Q

what is the component that helps for the carpel tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

111
Q

What are the components of the palm?

A

thenar, hypothenar, and mesothenar

112
Q

What are the four thenar muscles

A

abductor policis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

113
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis (OIIA)

A

origin-scaphoid and flexor retinaculum
insertion- palmar base of 1st phalanx
action- abducts the thumb
innervation- median nerve

114
Q

all of the thenar muscles are innerated by the median nerve execept for

A

adductor pollicis

115
Q

flexor pollicis brevis

A

origin- flexor retinaculum and trapezium, trapezoid, capitum
insertion-palmar base of 1st phalanx via radial sesamoid bone
action- flection of 1st metacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
innervation- median nerve and ulnar nerve for deep head

116
Q

opponens pollicis

A

origin-trapezium flexor retinaculum
insertion- radial margin of 1st metacarpal
action-opposition of thumb
innervation-median nerve

117
Q

adductor pollicis

A

origin-transverse head and shaft of 3rd metacarpal, capitate
insertion-palmar base of 1st proximal phalanx via ulnar sesamoid bone
action-adducts the thumb
innervation-deep branch ulnar nerve

118
Q

what are the hypothenar muscles

A

palmaris brevis
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

119
Q

what is the most superficial muscle of hypothenar muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi

120
Q

palmaris brevis OIIA

A

origin-palmore aponeurosis flexor retinaculum
insertion- radiates into skin covering hypothenar
action- medial pull on palmar aponeurosis
innervation- superficial branch of ulnar nerve

121
Q

abductor digiti minimi OIIA

A

origin- psiform, pisofrmhamate ligament
insertion- ulnar base of 5th proximal phalanx
action-abduction and flexion of the 5th metacarpophalgneal joint
innervation- ulnar nerve deep branch

122
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

origin- hamulus of hamate
insertion- ulnar base of 5th proximal phalanx
action- flection of 5th metacarpophangeal joint
innervation-ulnar nerve deep branch

123
Q

What are the mesothenar musles

A

palmar interossei, dorsal interossei and lumbricals

124
Q

palmar interossei OIIA

A

orgin-ulnar side of metacarpal 1-2 and radial side of metacarpals 3-4
insertion-extensor digitorum tendons
action- adduction of 1,2,3,4,5 and flexes mP joints and extends IP joints
inneration-ulnar nerve deep branch

125
Q

dorsal interossei

A

origin-adjacent sides of all metacarpals
insertion- extensor digitorum tendons, radial side of prox phalanges 2,3 and ulnar side of base f prox phlanges 3,4
action-abduction of digits 2,4, and 5 flexes MP joints and extends IP joints
innervation- ulnar nerve

126
Q

lumbricals

A

origin-radial sides of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
inserstion-extensor digitorum tendons
action- flexes metacarpophalngeal joints, extends IP joints 2-5
innvervation- ulnar nerve (deep branch)

127
Q

Classify the growth plates

A

synchondrosis primary cartilagenous

128
Q

type of joint the sternoclavicular joint is

A

synovial and saddle

129
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint ?

A

synovial, plane/gliding

130
Q

carpometacarpal (digits 2-5) what type of joint

A

synovial, plane/gliding

131
Q

what type of joint is the carpometacarpal of digit 1

A

synovial, saddle

132
Q

intermetacarpel joint (what type of joint is this?)

A

synovial, plane, plane/gliding

133
Q

what type of joint is the metacarpo-phalangeal

A

synovial, condyloid

134
Q

What type of joint is the DIp/PIP

A

synovial, hinge

135
Q

What are the unequivocal dermatomes ?

A

c6 thumb
c7 middle finger
c8 5th fingerT1 medial forearm and arm (distal arm)

136
Q

Duputren’s contracture

A

pathological thickening and shortening of the longitudinal bundles of the palmar aponeurosis, draws fingers into palm to such a degree that they become useless. Can mimic an ulnar claw since it commonly affects digits 4/5 (1 of three interpretations of “hand of benediction”)

137
Q

What bone is the most commonly fractured bone in the body

A

clavicle specifically the middle 1/3

138
Q

What are the structures that can be in danger of injury when the clavicle fractures

A

suprascapular Vein artery and nerve, suprascapular ns, brachial plexus and the subclavian vein

139
Q

when a person completely dislocaters their shoulder joint what ruptures

A

acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

140
Q

what is bursitis

A

inflammation of the subdeltoid and subacromial bursa

141
Q

What is the most commonly ruptures rotator cuff injury ?

A

supraspinatus

142
Q

what is the drop arm test ?

A

ask patient to lower arm to 90 degree of abduction; failure to lower the arm in smooth controlled fashion or with pain suggests tear of the supraspinatus tenton

143
Q

anterior dislocations of the glenohumeral joint

A

often tears the joint capsule and detaches labrum and can result in fracture of the humerus head

144
Q

boxers fracture

A

fracture of the 5th metacarpal

145
Q

golfer’s wrist

A

pain and tenderness in the palm or wrist sauced by a hairline fracture of the hook of the hamate

146
Q

falls on the outstretched hand results in

A

youth- displacement of distal radial epiphysis
adolescent-clavicular fractrue
ederly- fracture of the distal radius approximately 1 inch proximal to the radiocarpal joint

147
Q

What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

148
Q

What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

lunate and when dislocated can impinge on the carpal bone

149
Q

What is the terrible triad ?

A

injury to the elbow characterized by location, radial head fracture and avulsion of the coronoid process

150
Q

Tommy John surgery

A

reconstruction of a torn ulnar collateral ligament; carries serious risk of injury to the ulnar lerve as it passses behind the medial epicondyle

151
Q

Subluxation/dislocation of the radial head

A

a sudden yank on the arm of a young child can tear the annular ligament resulting in a partial or complete dislocation (baby siters elbow or nursemaids elbow)

152
Q

colles fracture

A

transverse fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the hand, radiographs reveal dorsal angulation of the distal radial metaphysis

153
Q

Allen Test

A

tests the integrity of communication between the ulnar and radial arteries in the hand’ pt will make a tight fist and the radial and ulnar arteries are compressed at the wrist, the pt opens the hand (pale) and when the ulnar compression is removed if the circulation is intact normal color will return, if hand remains pale the ulnar circulation to the hand is insufficient

154
Q

What takes over for returning blood from the upper extremity when the axillary vein is lacerated ?

A

cephalic vein

155
Q

how does avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone occur ?

A

non-union of distal fragment of scaphoid with proximal fragment results in loss of blood supply

156
Q

lymphedema

A

an accumulation of lymph in the interstitial space of tissue/region resulting in swelling

157
Q

MSR of biceps tests what

A

c5-c6 (musculocutaneous nerve)

158
Q

MSR of brachioradilais tests what

A

c6 radial nerve

159
Q

MSR of triceps

A

c7-c8 radial nerve

160
Q

Erbs Duchenne’s palsy (erb’s palasy)

A

injury to the c5 and c6 nerve roots or upper trunk due to traction placed on the neck

161
Q

Klumpke’s Palsy

A

injury to c8, T1 nerve roots leads to paralysis of of intrinsic hand muscles, claw hand

162
Q

winged scapula

A

signifiant weakness in abducting the limb beyond 90 degrees, loss of scapular fixation scapula will project posteriorly

163
Q

What is in danger during radical mastetctomy (trauma to the lateral chest wall)

A

long thoracic nerve

164
Q

Radial tunnel syndrome

A

entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve within the supinator canal characterized by weakness in the extension at the MP joint, weakness in thumb abduction and extension and weakness in wrist extension (ECR and brachioradialis are sparred and no sensory deficits)

165
Q

Ape hand

A

appearance due to decreased wrist flextion, supination of the hand, thumb in neutral position, median nerve injury

166
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

results in paresthesias of lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers and the distal portion of the palm with paresis in flextion, abduction and opposition of the thumb wasting of thenar eminence and loss of grasp reflex

167
Q

pronator syndrome

A

entrapment of the median nerve between the heads of the prontator teres (pain in proximal forearm and paresthesias in median nerve distribution)

168
Q

anterior interosseous syndrome

A

inflammation/injury to anterior interosseous nerve resulting in weakness of FDP, FPL and pronator teres

169
Q

Tinel’s sign/test

A

percussion of nerve to replicate symptoms of nerve impingement can be median nerve at wrist to replicate carpal tunnel syndrome symptons or at the ulnar nerve at the elbow to replicate cubital tunnel syndrome

170
Q

phalen’s test

A

place dorsum of right and left hand together with wrists flexed this increasees pressure in carpal tunnel, decreases space in carpal tunnel to try to replicate symptoms in the patient

171
Q

finkelsteins test

A

tests for de Quervains tenosynovitis; place the thumb under the 2nd and 3rd digit in fist and ask the patient to medially deviate the wrist

172
Q

elements of the cubital fossa

A

tendon of bicepts, braachial artery and median nerve

173
Q

de Quervains stenosing tenovaginitis

A

local thickening of the sheath for the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the dorso lateral aspect of teh hand

174
Q

boutonniere deforimiy

A

damage to extensor expansion results in flexion of middle and extension of distal phalange

175
Q

mallet finger

A

partial avulsion of extensor tendon; flextion of distal phalanx

176
Q

trigger finger

A

stenosing tenosynovitis involving flexor tendon results in clicking during flexion and extension

177
Q

Jersey finger

A

tearing of the flexor digitorum profundus from the distal phalanx affected finger is stuck in extension

178
Q

raynauds syndrome

A

idopathic sympatehtic dysregulation of upper limb vasculature characterized by pain and numbness and ischemai of digits

179
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression of neuovascular structures as they cross the first rib at the superior thoracic aperature

180
Q

humeral lateral nodes

A

posteromedial to the axillary vein (they receive most of the lymphatic drainage from the upper limb

181
Q

pectoral nodes

A

occur along the inferior margin of the pectoralism minor muscle along the course of the lateral thoracic vessels and receive drainage from the abdominal wall, chest and mammary glands

182
Q

subscapular nodes

A

posterior axillary wall drain the posterior axillary wall and receive lymphatics from back, shoulder and neck

183
Q

central nodes

A

in axillary fat receive tributaries from humeral, subscapular, and pectoral groups of nodes

184
Q

apical nodes

A

most superior group and drain all of the other groups of nodes in the regions and also drain the cephalic vein that drains the mammary gland

185
Q

the trochlea articulates with which bone ?

A

ulna

186
Q

coracobrachialis

A

origin-apex of coracoid process
insertion- linear roughening on midshaft of humerus
innervation-musculocutaneous nerve
action- flexor of forearm at the glenohumeral joint

187
Q

biceps brachii

A

origin- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and apex of coracoid process
insertion- radial tuberosity
innervation-musculocutaneous nerve
action-flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint

188
Q

brachialis muscle

A

origin-anterior of humerus
insertion- tuberosity of ulna
innervation- msculocutaneous nerve
action- powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint

189
Q

tricepps brachi muscle

A

origin- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior surface of humerus
insertion- olecranon
innervation-radial nerve
action- extensor of forearm

190
Q

at the elbow joint the brachial artery divides into what ?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

191
Q

what forms the cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis muscle and pronator teres

192
Q

what goes through the cubital fossa

A

tendon of biceps brachi, brachial artery and median nerve

193
Q

during and the ulna and the radius are held togeter by what

A

anular ligament of radius, interosseous membrane, and the articular disk at the distal radio ulnar joint

194
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

origin-medial epicodondyle of hum and olecranon of ulna
insertion- psiform bone
innervation-ulnar nerve
action-flexes and adducts the wrist joint

195
Q

palmaris longus

A

origin- medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion-palmar aponeurosis of hand
innervation-median nerve
action-flexion of wrist joint

196
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

origin-medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion-base of metacarpals 2 and 3
innervation-median nerve
action- flexes and abducts wrist

197
Q

pronator teres

A

origin-medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
insertion-lateral surface, midshaft of radius
innervation-median nerve
action-pronation

198
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

origin-humerus and radius
insertion-palmar surfaces of middle phalanges
innervation-median nerve
action-flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers

199
Q

flexor digitorum profundas

A

origin-anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and meidal half of interosseous membrane
insertion-palmar surfaces of middle ring, and little fingers
innervation-lateral half of median nerve
action-flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers

200
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

origin-anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane
insertion-palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervation-median nerve
action-flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb

201
Q

pronator quadratus

A

origin-linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
insertion-distal anterior surface of radius
innervation-median nerve
action-pronation

202
Q

brachioradialis

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

203
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

204
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

205
Q

extensor digitorum

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

206
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

207
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

208
Q

aconeus

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

209
Q

supinator

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

210
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

211
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

212
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

213
Q

extensor indicis

A

origin
insertion
innervation
action

Anatomy (22 decks)

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