The Upper Extremities Flashcards
When looking at the forearm which bone (radius/ulna) is medial and which is lateral
the radius is lateral
the ulna is medial
(assuming anatomical position
What type of joint is the thumb joint of the metacarpal bone of the thumb with the carpus ?
saddle joint
What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints ?
condylar joints or ellipsoid joints
what type of joints are the interphangeal joints ?
hinge joints
What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff ?
subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus and the teres minor muscles
What is the thenar eminence ?
a soft tissue mount over the palmar aspect of metacarpal 1 and allow the thumb to freely move relative to the other fingers
What forms the axillary inlet
lateral margin of rib 1
posterior surface of clavicle
superior margin of the scapula
medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
the brachial plexus is formed by what nerves ?
anterior rami of cervical spine c5c8 and T1
If a doctor wanted to examine a patients lower cervical and T 1 nerves how would they do this ?
they would examine the dermatomes, myotomes, and tendon reflexes in the upper limb (clinical signs of these nerves usually exhibit in the upper limb brachial plexus)`
IF you are looking to test the C5 dermatome what test are you going to do?
test the upper lateral region of the arm
Where do you test for the C6 dermatome
palmar pad of the thumb
Where do you test for the C7 dermatome
pad of the index finger
Where do you test for C8 dermatome
pad of little finger
how do you test for the T1 dermatome
skin on the medial aspect of the elbow
how do you test for the mytome at C5
abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
how do you test for the myotome at c6
fletion of the forearm at the elbow joint
how do you test for the myotome at c7
extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
how do you test for the myotome at c8
flexion of the fingers
how do you test for the myotome at t1
abduction and adduction of the index, middle, and ring fingers
if a patient is unconcious how do you test for the c6 somatic sensory and motor functions
tap on the cubital fossa
if a patient is unconcious how do you test for the somatic sensory and motor functions of c7
tap on the tendon of the triceps posterior to the elbow
What spinal cord level is associated with the diaphragm?
C4
all of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by what nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
the musculocutaneous nerve innervates what region of the skin
anterolateral side of the forearm
median nerve innervates what region of the skin
palmar surface of the lateral three and one half digits
the ulnar nerve innervates what region of the skin
supplies skin on the posterior surface of the forearm and the dorsolateral surface of the hand
where does the axillary nerve pass
around the posterior aspect of the upper part of the humerus (surgical neck)
where does the radial nerve pass
around the the posterior surface of the middle humerus in the radial groove
where does the ulnar nerve pass
passes posteriorrly to the medial epicondyle on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus
which tubercle on the humerus is lateral in position
greater tubercle
which muscle attaches to the superior facet of the greater tubercle
supraspinatus
which muscle attaches to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
infraspinatus
which muscle attaches to the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the hmerus
teres minor
what muscle attaches to the less tubercle of the humerus
subscapularis muscle
which nerve and artery can be damaged when the surgical neck of the humerus fractures
axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery
what are the three joints in the shoulder
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and the glenohumeral joints
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint
saddle shoaped synovial jint
what are the ligaments that stabilize the sternoclavicular joint
interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, anteiror and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial joint
What are the two ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint
acromioclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament which breaks into the trapezoid ligament and the conoid ligament
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
ball and socket joint
what is the fibrocartilagenous collar on the glenoid cavity called
glenoid labrum
what is the vascular supply to the glenohumeral joint /
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries
What innervates the glenohumeral joint /
branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and from the suprascapuar, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves
asking a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance is testing what nerve ?
accessory nerve
Trapezius OIIA
origin-superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberence, medial margine of lig nuch, and spinous processes oc C7-T12
insertion-superior edge of the scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral one third of the clavicle
innervation-spinal accessory nerve
action-elevator of the scapula, rotates scapula, and allows humerus to go above horizontal
Deltoid OIIA
origin- inferior edge of spine of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
insertion-deltoid tuberosity
innervation-axillary nerve C5
action- abductor of arm
Levator Scapulae OIIA
origin- transverse processes of C1-C2 and posterior tubercles of C3 and C4
insertion- medial border of scapula superior angle to root of spine
innervation- anterior rami of C4 and C4 and branches of C5 dorsal scapular nerve
action-elevates the scapula
Rhomboid Minor OIIA
origin- spinous processes of C7-T1
insertion- posterior surface of medial border of scapula
innervation-dorsal scapular nerve c4c5
action- elevates and retracts the scapula
Rhomboid Major OIIA
origin-spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion-posterior surface of medial border of scapula
innervation- dorsal scapular nerve
action- elevates and retracts the scapula
supraspinatus OIIA
origin- medial 2/3rds of supraspinous fossa
insertion-superior facet of greater tubercle
innervation- suprascapular nerve, C5
action-rotator cuff muscle
infraspinatus OIIA
origin-medial 2/3rds of infraspinous fossa
insertion-middle facet of greater tubercle
innervation-suprascapular nerve C5
action-rotator cuff
teres minor OIIA
origin-posterior surface of scapula near lateral border
insertion-inferior facet of greater tubercle
innervation-axillary nerve, C5
action-rotator cuff muscle
teres major OIIA
origin- oval area of posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula
insertion medial ip of the intertubercular sulcus on anterior surface of humerus
innervation-inferior subscapular nerve, c5,6,7
action- medial rotation and extension of arm
long head of triceps brachii OIIA
origin-infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion-olecranon process
innervation-radial nerve c7
action- extension of forearm at the elbow joint
What forms the suprascapular foramen
route through which structures pass between the base of the neck and the posterior scapular region formed by the suprascapular ligament, (nerve passes through the foramen and the artery and vein pass over the ligament
What forms the quadrangular space ?
inferior margin of teres minor, surgical neck of humerus, superior margin of teres major and lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii
What makes the triangular space?
medial margin of the long head of the triceps brachii
superior margin of the teres major
inferior margin of the teres minor
What vein and artery pass through the triangular space
circumflex scapular artery and vein
what makes up the triagular interval
lateral margin of the long head of triceps brachii
shaft of the humerus
inferior margin of the teres major
What nerves and or artery or veins pass through the triagular interval
radial nerve, profunda brachii artery and profunda brachii vein
what two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate /
infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles
the axillary nerve innervates ?
deltoid and the teres minor muscles
what function does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve have ( branch of the axillary nerve)
general sensation from the skin over the inferior part of the deltoid muscle
what three major arteries are found in the posterior scapular region?
suprascapular, posterior circumflex humeral, and the circumflex scapular arteries
Quadrangular space syndrome ?
hypertrophy of the quandrangular space muscles or fibrosis of the muscle edges may impinge the axillary nerve which produces atrophy of the teres minor muscle and may affect the control of the rotator cuff muscles exert on shoulder movement
the suprascapular artery is a branch of the _______ artery
subclavian artery
how is the axillary inlet formed
lateral margin of rib 1, clavicle, superior margin of scapula to coracoid process
how is the anterior wall of the axilla formed ?
pectoralis major and minor muscles, subclavius muscles and clavipectoral fascia
how is the lateral wall formed of the axilla
intertubercular sulcus
how is the posterior wall formed of the axilla
subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles, and long head of triceps brachii muscle
how is the medial wall of the axilla formed
upper thoracic wall and serratus anterior muscles
how is the floor of the axilla formed
skin of armpit
pectoralis major OIIA
origin-clavicular head, sterunum, and first 7 costal cartilages and sternal end of 6th rib
insertion-lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
innervation-medial and lateral pectoral nerves, clavicular head and sternocostal head c5 and c7
action- flexion, addiction and medial rotation of arm
subclavius OIIA
origin-first rib at junction between rib and costal cartilage
insertion- groove on inferior surface of middle one-third of clavicle
innervation-nerve to subclavias c5, c6
action- pulls tip of sholder down, clavical medially and stabilizes sternoclavicular joint
pectoralis minor OIIA
origin- anterior surfaces and superior borders of ribs 3-5
insertion- coracoid process of scapula
innervation-medial pectoral nerve c7c8
action-pulls tip of sholder down, protracts scapula
serratus anterior OIIA
origin-lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
insertion-costal surface of medial border of scapula
innervation-long thoracic nerce c5
action-protraction of scapula, keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall
what structuress pass between the subclavius and the pectoralis minor muscles
cephalic ein, thoraco-acromial artery, and the lateral pectoral nerve
what structure passes through the medial wall and into the axilla ?
intercostobrachial nerve
what happens when there is damage to the long thoracic nerve
winged scapula
subscapularis OIIA
origin- medial two thirds of subscapular fossa
insertion- lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves c6
action- rotator cuff muscle, medial rotation of arm
Latisimus dorsi OIIA
origin-spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs
what is the floor of the axilla supported by
clavipectoral fascia
biceps brachii OIIA
orgin- supraglenoid tubercle of scapulal apex of coracoid process
insertion- tuberosity of radius
innervation- musculocutaneous nerve c5, c6
action-powerful flexor of forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of forearm
coracobrachialis OIIA
origin-apex of coracoid process
insertion- linear roughening on midshaft of humerus on medial side
innervation- musculocutaneous nerce c567
action- flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint; adducts arm
What does the superior thoracic artery supply
upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls
what does the thoracoacromial artery supply
anterior axillary wall and related regions
what does the lateral thoracic artery supply
medial and anterior walls of the axilla
what artery helps supply blood to the breast
lateral thoracic artery supply
what supplies blood to the glenoid humeral joint
anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex artery
where is a good place to insert a needle to give patients fluids
anatomical stuff box or cubital fossa
the brachial plexus is a somatic plexus fromed by the anterior rami of what ?
c5-c8 and T1 anterior ramus
what are the four major parts of the brachial plexus
trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves
What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus
superior trunk which is formed from the union of C5 and C6
middle trunk which is from C7
inferior trunk which is formed from the union of C8 and T1 rami
lateral cord
results from the union of the anterior from C5 and C6 and the anterior of C7
medial cord
contributions from C8 and T1
posterior cord
has contributions from all of the roots of the brachial plexus
What are the branches from the roots of the brachial plexus
the long thoracic and the dorsal scapular nerve and contributions to phrenic nerve originate from the C5 root (long thoracic is from the C5, C6, and C7 roots)
What are the branches from the trunks of the brachial plexus
suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the subclavian; both come from the superior trunk
What are the branches from the cords of the brachial plus
lateral- lateral pectoral nerve
posterior- superior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, inferior subscapular nerve
medial-medial pectoral nerve, medial brachaial cutaneous, median antebrachrial cutaneous
what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate ?
rhomboid major and the rhomboid minor muscles
what does the long thoracic nerve innervate ?
serratus anterior muscle
What does the suprascapular nerve innervate ?
supraspinatus and the infraspinatus muscles
What does the nerve to the subclavius innervate ?
subclavius muscle
What does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate
pectoralis major muscle
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
all three flexor muscles of the arm
what does the medial pectoral nerve innervate
pectoralis minor muscle
Dupuytren’s contracture
pathological thickening and contraction of tthe palmar aponeurosis due to mechanical microtraumas (carpenters) and the fingers are permanently in flexion
carpel tunnel syndrome
inflammatory processes of the carpal tunnel put pressure on the median nerve
what is the component that helps for the carpel tunnel
flexor retinaculum
What are the components of the palm?
thenar, hypothenar, and mesothenar
What are the four thenar muscles
abductor policis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis (OIIA)
origin-scaphoid and flexor retinaculum
insertion- palmar base of 1st phalanx
action- abducts the thumb
innervation- median nerve
all of the thenar muscles are innerated by the median nerve execept for
adductor pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
origin- flexor retinaculum and trapezium, trapezoid, capitum
insertion-palmar base of 1st phalanx via radial sesamoid bone
action- flection of 1st metacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
innervation- median nerve and ulnar nerve for deep head
opponens pollicis
origin-trapezium flexor retinaculum
insertion- radial margin of 1st metacarpal
action-opposition of thumb
innervation-median nerve
adductor pollicis
origin-transverse head and shaft of 3rd metacarpal, capitate
insertion-palmar base of 1st proximal phalanx via ulnar sesamoid bone
action-adducts the thumb
innervation-deep branch ulnar nerve
what are the hypothenar muscles
palmaris brevis
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
what is the most superficial muscle of hypothenar muscles
abductor digiti minimi
palmaris brevis OIIA
origin-palmore aponeurosis flexor retinaculum
insertion- radiates into skin covering hypothenar
action- medial pull on palmar aponeurosis
innervation- superficial branch of ulnar nerve
abductor digiti minimi OIIA
origin- psiform, pisofrmhamate ligament
insertion- ulnar base of 5th proximal phalanx
action-abduction and flexion of the 5th metacarpophalgneal joint
innervation- ulnar nerve deep branch
flexor digiti minimi
origin- hamulus of hamate
insertion- ulnar base of 5th proximal phalanx
action- flection of 5th metacarpophangeal joint
innervation-ulnar nerve deep branch
What are the mesothenar musles
palmar interossei, dorsal interossei and lumbricals
palmar interossei OIIA
orgin-ulnar side of metacarpal 1-2 and radial side of metacarpals 3-4
insertion-extensor digitorum tendons
action- adduction of 1,2,3,4,5 and flexes mP joints and extends IP joints
inneration-ulnar nerve deep branch
dorsal interossei
origin-adjacent sides of all metacarpals
insertion- extensor digitorum tendons, radial side of prox phalanges 2,3 and ulnar side of base f prox phlanges 3,4
action-abduction of digits 2,4, and 5 flexes MP joints and extends IP joints
innervation- ulnar nerve
lumbricals
origin-radial sides of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
inserstion-extensor digitorum tendons
action- flexes metacarpophalngeal joints, extends IP joints 2-5
innvervation- ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Classify the growth plates
synchondrosis primary cartilagenous
type of joint the sternoclavicular joint is
synovial and saddle
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint ?
synovial, plane/gliding
carpometacarpal (digits 2-5) what type of joint
synovial, plane/gliding
what type of joint is the carpometacarpal of digit 1
synovial, saddle
intermetacarpel joint (what type of joint is this?)
synovial, plane, plane/gliding
what type of joint is the metacarpo-phalangeal
synovial, condyloid
What type of joint is the DIp/PIP
synovial, hinge
What are the unequivocal dermatomes ?
c6 thumb
c7 middle finger
c8 5th fingerT1 medial forearm and arm (distal arm)
Duputren’s contracture
pathological thickening and shortening of the longitudinal bundles of the palmar aponeurosis, draws fingers into palm to such a degree that they become useless. Can mimic an ulnar claw since it commonly affects digits 4/5 (1 of three interpretations of “hand of benediction”)
What bone is the most commonly fractured bone in the body
clavicle specifically the middle 1/3
What are the structures that can be in danger of injury when the clavicle fractures
suprascapular Vein artery and nerve, suprascapular ns, brachial plexus and the subclavian vein
when a person completely dislocaters their shoulder joint what ruptures
acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments
what is bursitis
inflammation of the subdeltoid and subacromial bursa
What is the most commonly ruptures rotator cuff injury ?
supraspinatus
what is the drop arm test ?
ask patient to lower arm to 90 degree of abduction; failure to lower the arm in smooth controlled fashion or with pain suggests tear of the supraspinatus tenton
anterior dislocations of the glenohumeral joint
often tears the joint capsule and detaches labrum and can result in fracture of the humerus head
boxers fracture
fracture of the 5th metacarpal
golfer’s wrist
pain and tenderness in the palm or wrist sauced by a hairline fracture of the hook of the hamate
falls on the outstretched hand results in
youth- displacement of distal radial epiphysis
adolescent-clavicular fractrue
ederly- fracture of the distal radius approximately 1 inch proximal to the radiocarpal joint
What is the most frequently fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
What is the most commonly dislocated carpal bone
lunate and when dislocated can impinge on the carpal bone
What is the terrible triad ?
injury to the elbow characterized by location, radial head fracture and avulsion of the coronoid process
Tommy John surgery
reconstruction of a torn ulnar collateral ligament; carries serious risk of injury to the ulnar lerve as it passses behind the medial epicondyle
Subluxation/dislocation of the radial head
a sudden yank on the arm of a young child can tear the annular ligament resulting in a partial or complete dislocation (baby siters elbow or nursemaids elbow)
colles fracture
transverse fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the hand, radiographs reveal dorsal angulation of the distal radial metaphysis
Allen Test
tests the integrity of communication between the ulnar and radial arteries in the hand’ pt will make a tight fist and the radial and ulnar arteries are compressed at the wrist, the pt opens the hand (pale) and when the ulnar compression is removed if the circulation is intact normal color will return, if hand remains pale the ulnar circulation to the hand is insufficient
What takes over for returning blood from the upper extremity when the axillary vein is lacerated ?
cephalic vein
how does avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone occur ?
non-union of distal fragment of scaphoid with proximal fragment results in loss of blood supply
lymphedema
an accumulation of lymph in the interstitial space of tissue/region resulting in swelling
MSR of biceps tests what
c5-c6 (musculocutaneous nerve)
MSR of brachioradilais tests what
c6 radial nerve
MSR of triceps
c7-c8 radial nerve
Erbs Duchenne’s palsy (erb’s palasy)
injury to the c5 and c6 nerve roots or upper trunk due to traction placed on the neck
Klumpke’s Palsy
injury to c8, T1 nerve roots leads to paralysis of of intrinsic hand muscles, claw hand
winged scapula
signifiant weakness in abducting the limb beyond 90 degrees, loss of scapular fixation scapula will project posteriorly
What is in danger during radical mastetctomy (trauma to the lateral chest wall)
long thoracic nerve
Radial tunnel syndrome
entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve within the supinator canal characterized by weakness in the extension at the MP joint, weakness in thumb abduction and extension and weakness in wrist extension (ECR and brachioradialis are sparred and no sensory deficits)
Ape hand
appearance due to decreased wrist flextion, supination of the hand, thumb in neutral position, median nerve injury
carpal tunnel syndrome
results in paresthesias of lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers and the distal portion of the palm with paresis in flextion, abduction and opposition of the thumb wasting of thenar eminence and loss of grasp reflex
pronator syndrome
entrapment of the median nerve between the heads of the prontator teres (pain in proximal forearm and paresthesias in median nerve distribution)
anterior interosseous syndrome
inflammation/injury to anterior interosseous nerve resulting in weakness of FDP, FPL and pronator teres
Tinel’s sign/test
percussion of nerve to replicate symptoms of nerve impingement can be median nerve at wrist to replicate carpal tunnel syndrome symptons or at the ulnar nerve at the elbow to replicate cubital tunnel syndrome
phalen’s test
place dorsum of right and left hand together with wrists flexed this increasees pressure in carpal tunnel, decreases space in carpal tunnel to try to replicate symptoms in the patient
finkelsteins test
tests for de Quervains tenosynovitis; place the thumb under the 2nd and 3rd digit in fist and ask the patient to medially deviate the wrist
elements of the cubital fossa
tendon of bicepts, braachial artery and median nerve
de Quervains stenosing tenovaginitis
local thickening of the sheath for the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the dorso lateral aspect of teh hand
boutonniere deforimiy
damage to extensor expansion results in flexion of middle and extension of distal phalange
mallet finger
partial avulsion of extensor tendon; flextion of distal phalanx
trigger finger
stenosing tenosynovitis involving flexor tendon results in clicking during flexion and extension
Jersey finger
tearing of the flexor digitorum profundus from the distal phalanx affected finger is stuck in extension
raynauds syndrome
idopathic sympatehtic dysregulation of upper limb vasculature characterized by pain and numbness and ischemai of digits
thoracic outlet syndrome
compression of neuovascular structures as they cross the first rib at the superior thoracic aperature
humeral lateral nodes
posteromedial to the axillary vein (they receive most of the lymphatic drainage from the upper limb
pectoral nodes
occur along the inferior margin of the pectoralism minor muscle along the course of the lateral thoracic vessels and receive drainage from the abdominal wall, chest and mammary glands
subscapular nodes
posterior axillary wall drain the posterior axillary wall and receive lymphatics from back, shoulder and neck
central nodes
in axillary fat receive tributaries from humeral, subscapular, and pectoral groups of nodes
apical nodes
most superior group and drain all of the other groups of nodes in the regions and also drain the cephalic vein that drains the mammary gland
the trochlea articulates with which bone ?
ulna
coracobrachialis
origin-apex of coracoid process
insertion- linear roughening on midshaft of humerus
innervation-musculocutaneous nerve
action- flexor of forearm at the glenohumeral joint
biceps brachii
origin- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and apex of coracoid process
insertion- radial tuberosity
innervation-musculocutaneous nerve
action-flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint
brachialis muscle
origin-anterior of humerus
insertion- tuberosity of ulna
innervation- msculocutaneous nerve
action- powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint
tricepps brachi muscle
origin- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior surface of humerus
insertion- olecranon
innervation-radial nerve
action- extensor of forearm
at the elbow joint the brachial artery divides into what ?
radial and ulnar arteries
what forms the cubital fossa
brachioradialis muscle and pronator teres
what goes through the cubital fossa
tendon of biceps brachi, brachial artery and median nerve
during and the ulna and the radius are held togeter by what
anular ligament of radius, interosseous membrane, and the articular disk at the distal radio ulnar joint
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin-medial epicodondyle of hum and olecranon of ulna
insertion- psiform bone
innervation-ulnar nerve
action-flexes and adducts the wrist joint
palmaris longus
origin- medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion-palmar aponeurosis of hand
innervation-median nerve
action-flexion of wrist joint
flexor carpi radialis
origin-medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion-base of metacarpals 2 and 3
innervation-median nerve
action- flexes and abducts wrist
pronator teres
origin-medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna
insertion-lateral surface, midshaft of radius
innervation-median nerve
action-pronation
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin-humerus and radius
insertion-palmar surfaces of middle phalanges
innervation-median nerve
action-flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers
flexor digitorum profundas
origin-anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and meidal half of interosseous membrane
insertion-palmar surfaces of middle ring, and little fingers
innervation-lateral half of median nerve
action-flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers
flexor pollicis longus
origin-anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane
insertion-palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervation-median nerve
action-flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb
pronator quadratus
origin-linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
insertion-distal anterior surface of radius
innervation-median nerve
action-pronation
brachioradialis
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor carpi radialis longus
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor digitorum
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor digiti minimi
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin
insertion
innervation
action
aconeus
origin
insertion
innervation
action
supinator
origin
insertion
innervation
action
abductor pollicis longus
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor pollicis brevis
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor pollicis longus
origin
insertion
innervation
action
extensor indicis
origin
insertion
innervation
action
