Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated overcurvature of thoracic area of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lateral deviation of vertebral column

A

scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

major feature of cervical vertebrae

A

transverse foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column

A

anterior longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ligament affected by whiplash injury

A

anterior longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ligament which limits skull rotation

A

alar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

defective portion of vertebra with spondylolithesis in lumbar area

A

pars interarticularis,lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common direction of all superior articular facts

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vertebra located at level of illiac crest

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae

A

ligamentum flavum,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

defective portion of vertebra with spondyloisthesis in cervical region

A

pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

structure in contact with posterior surface of dens

A

transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most commonly herniated disk

A

l4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disk

A

l5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between c5 and c6

A

c6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

vertebral level of lumbar puncture

A

l4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

innervation of suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

roof of suboccipital triangle

A

semispinalis capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

floor of suboccipital triangle

A

posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

major vessel within suboccipital triangle

A

vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

synonym for dorsal ramus of c2

A

greater occipital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inferior extent of spinal cord

A

lv2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac

A

sv2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

location of internal vertebral plexus

A

epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-occpipital articulation

A

synovial and condyloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The atlanto axial articulation includes what joints

A

2 synovia andplane/gliding, and 1 synobial and pivot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the zygapophyseal articulation are what type of joints

A

synovial and plane/gliding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what type of cartilagenous joint is the intervertebral disc

A

secondary cartilagenous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cervical dislocations

A

the slope of the zygapophyseal facets in the cervical region permit superior segments of the cervical column to slide anteriorly on inferior segments; large dislocations can damage the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Jefferson Burst Fracture

A

results from trauma directed through the skull and occipital condyles onto the atlas bursting the arch typically the spinal cord is NOT injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hangman fracture

A

tramautic, hyperextension injury that breaks the pars interarticularis of the axis bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

osteoporosis

A

characterized by the loss of bone density, common in senior/geriatric patients, vertebral fractures are a common occurence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

fracture of the dens

A

fractures may result in avascular necrosis of the dens, fragments of the dens may lacerate the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

rupture of the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

results in compression of the spinal cord by the dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

laxity of the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

this ligament is often absent in patients with down’s syndrome and may be lax in certain connective tissue disorders (marfan’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

rupture of the alar ligaments

A

these are the check ligaments, increased range of motion on contralateral rotation

38
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the vertebral canal; can be caused by protruding intervertebral discs, meningioma, bony changes (aging), hypertrophy of ligaments, denegeration of zygapophyseal joints. symptoms include bilateral extremity pain numbness and weakness

39
Q

excessive kyphosis

A

exaggerated curvature of thoracic vertebrae

40
Q

excessive lordosis

A

exaggerated lumbar curve

41
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of vertebral column

42
Q

anklosing spondyltis

A

inflammation of the vertebral joints and ligaments, especially in the lumbar region; affected segments fuse resulting in pain and stiffness of the vertebral column

43
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

injection of an anesthetic agent into the epidural space; can be injectected at the sacral hiatus or posterior sacral foramina

44
Q

spinal anesthetsia

A

injection into the subarachnoid space, done via a lumbar puncture

45
Q

uncovertebral joints (joints of luschka)

A

small plane, synovial joints that develop in early adolescence between the uncal processes of cv3-cv7 common sites of osteophyte formation resulting in stenosis of intervertebral foramen and may impinge spinal nerves or vertebral artery

46
Q

what innervates the intervertebral disks

A

sinuvertebral nerves which arrise from recurrent branches of anterior ventral rami

47
Q

innervation of zygopophyseal joints

A

posterior dorsal rami from level of joint and one above

48
Q

where is the posterior longitudinal ligament deficient

A

4 disk

49
Q

where does a postero-lateral herniation occur most commonly

A

cervical and lumbar regions

50
Q

which roots are affected in a c5-c6 postero lateral herniation

A

c6 nerve roots or spinal nerve

51
Q

what roots are affected in the l4 l5 postero lateral herniation

A

l5 nerve roots or spinal nerve

52
Q

a lateral herniation at c5-c6 will likely affect

A

c6 nerve

53
Q

a lateral herniation at l4-l6 will most likely affect

A

l4 nerve

54
Q

how do you test the c5 nerve root

A

strength in deltoid, biceps brachii,
MSR- biceps brachii
sensory-lateral shoulder and lateral arm

55
Q

how do you test the c6 nerve root

A

strength- biceps brachi, wrist extension
MSR-brachioradialis
sensory-lateral forarm, lateral palm including first digit and possibly second digit

56
Q

how do you test a c7 nerve root

A

strength-tricepts brachii, wrist flextion
MSR-triceps brachii
sensory-middle finger

57
Q

how do you test a c8 nerve root

A

strength-finger flexion
MSR-none
Sensory-5th digit and medial forearm, possibly 4th digit also

58
Q

how do you test the T1 nerve root

A

strength:finger adduction/abduction
MSR-none
sensory-medial arm

59
Q

how do you test the L4 nerve root

A

strength-tibialis anterior, quadriceps
MSr-patellar tendon
Sensory-medial leg, medail aspect of foot including medial malleolus

60
Q

how you test the l5 nerve root

A

strength-extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, walk on heels
MSR- tibialis posterior
sensory-dorsum of the foot

61
Q

How do you test S1 nerve root

A

strength-fiularis longus, walk on toes
MSR-calcaneal (achilles)
sensory- lateral aspect of foot

62
Q

radiculopathy

A

involves injury/compression of a spinal nerve root. signs and symptoms are restricted to dermatomes and or myotomes

63
Q

polyradiculopathy

A

refers to involvement of more than 1 nerve root

64
Q

innervation of the suboccipital muscles

A

posterior ramus of C1 (the suboccipital nerve)

65
Q

greater occipital nerve

A

sensory nerve which passes through the semispinalis capitis muscle (dysfunction results in paresthesias in the cutaneous territory of this nere

66
Q

intrinsic deep back muscles are innervated by

A

posterior rami

67
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

lv2

68
Q

nerves roots below lv2 are called

A

cauda equina

69
Q

where does the dural sac end

A

s2

70
Q

spondyloysis

A

fracture or compromise of the pars interarticularis on the lamina in lumbar vertebrae and pedicles of cervical vertebrae

71
Q

spondylolitehsis

A

dislocation or slippage between adjacent vertebrae

72
Q

What is the scoring for muscle stretch reflexes

A 
0-absent
1-trace
2-normal
3-hyperactive with clonus
4-hyperactive with clonus (injury to CNS)
73
Q

What is the scoring for muscle strength

A

0-no contraction/joint movement
1-muscle flicker, no joint movement
2-complete range of motion with your support
3-complete range of motion against gravity
4-complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance
5-complete range of motion against gravity and full resistance

74
Q

what are the extrinsic back muscles

A

movement the upper limbs and thoracic wall

75
Q

what are the intrinsic back muscles

A

movement of the back, innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves

76
Q

what are the 7 cervical vertebra characterized by

A

small size and presence of a transverse foramen in each transverse process

77
Q

what are the characteristics of the 12 thoracic vertabra

A

have articular processes for their rib elements

78
Q

atlantooccpital joint

A

allows the head to nod up and down

79
Q

transverse ligament of the atlas

A

holds the dens in place

80
Q

atlanto axial joint

A

allows to shake head side to side saying (no!)

81
Q

alar ligaments

A

check excessive rotation of the head and atlas relative to the axis

82
Q

illiolumbar ligament

A

connect to the transverse process to

the pelvic bones

83
Q

sympheses

A

type of joints between the vertebral bodies

84
Q

synovial joints

A

between the articular processes

85
Q

zygopophyseal joints

A

synovial joint between superior and inferior articular processes on adjacent vertebrae

86
Q

uncovertebral joints

A

lateral margins of the upper surfaces of typical cervica vertebrae are elebated into crests or lips

87
Q

tectorial membrane

A

part of the posterior longitudinal ligmant that connects cII to the base of the skull

88
Q

ligamentum flava

A

pass between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and assists in extension of back to anatomical position

89
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

traigular sheet like structure in median sagittal plane; supports the head and resists and facilitates returning head to anatomical position

90
Q

interspinous ligaments

A

pass between adjacent vertebral spinous processes

Anatomy (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions