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Anatomy > Clinical Supplement for Head and Neck > Flashcards

Clinical Supplement for Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

if you move your eyes upward from normal what muscles are you testing

A

left and right Inferior oblique and superior rectus

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2
Q

if you move your eyes downward from normal what are you testing

A

left and right superior oblique and inferior rectus

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3
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look to the left

A

left medial rectus and right lateral rectus

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4
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look to the right

A

left lateral rectus and right medial rectus

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5
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look up and out

A

left inferior oblique and right superior rectus

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6
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look down and to the right

A

right superior oblique and left inferior rectus

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7
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look down and to the left

A

left sO

right IR

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8
Q

what muscles are you testing when you look up and to the right

A

right IO and left SR

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9
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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10
Q

hyperacusis

A

hypersensitivty to soud

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11
Q

to test for facial nerve how would you do it

A

sensation on face
corneal reflex
clench teeth, palpate masseter

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12
Q

what nerves is really responsible for swallowing

A

glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

what musles of the tongue is NOT innervated by cn XII

A

palatoglossus

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14
Q

what nerve is affected by demyelination in MS

A

CN II

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15
Q

compressive injury of CN III injures

A

GVE

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16
Q

diabetic infarct of CN III injures

A

GSE

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17
Q

vertibal diplopia is associated with

A

trochear nerve injury ; improved by tilting head away from affected eye ( if left eye is injured you tilt your head to the right) eye is hypertropic and extorted

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18
Q

mandibular nerve V3 can be injured in what foramen

A

foramen ovale

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19
Q

maxiillary nerve V2 can be injured

A

within the formanen rotundum

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20
Q

opthalmic nerve can be injured

A

SOF

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21
Q

signs of injury to the abducens CN VI nerve

A

horizontal diplopia, cannot abduct eye, esotropia (parially adducted)

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22
Q

greater petrosal nerve forms with the deep petrosal nerve to form

A

nerve of the pterygoid canal

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23
Q

chorda tympani joins _______ and synapses in ______________ to distribute with branches of that nerve.

A

lingual, submandibular ganglion

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24
Q

vestibular schwannoma can impact which cranial nerves

A

CN V and VII

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25
Q

what is the spinal cord level of spinal accessory nerve

A

C1-C4

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26
Q

injury in the posterior triangle of the neck spares what muscle

A

sternocleidomastoid

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27
Q

C1 is off what nerve

A

hypoglossal n

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28
Q

C1 carried on hypoglossal innervates

A

thyrohyoid, geniohyoid and contributes to the superior root of ansa cervicalis

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29
Q

what are the four sensory ganglia in the head

A

trigeminal
geniculate
superior and inferior
superior and inferior

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30
Q

trigeminal sensory ganglia is associated with what cranial nerve

A

CN V

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31
Q

geniculare sensory ganglia is associated with what nerve

A

VII

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32
Q

superior and inferior ganglia are associated with

A

CN IX and CN X

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33
Q

ciliary ganglia is

A

parasympathetic for CN III

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34
Q

otic ganglia is parasympathetic to

A

CN IX

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35
Q

pterygopalatine is parasympathetic to

A

CN VII

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36
Q

submandibular is parasympathetic to

A

CN VII

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37
Q

injury to jugular foramen may result in injury to what nerves

A

9 10 and 11

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38
Q

infections in the deep, loose connective tissue layer can spread into the cranial cavity via

A

emissary veins

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39
Q

what nerve transverses the parotid gland

A

facial VII

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40
Q

autonomic innervation of the parotid gland is by

A

CN IX otic ganglion hitchhiking auriculotemporal nerve

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41
Q

where does the parotid gland get its sensory information from

A

CN V

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42
Q

freys syndrome

A

sweating when seeing or smelling food

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43
Q

what type of join is TMJ

A

plane gliding AND hinge

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44
Q

sensory innervation of TMJ is

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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45
Q

accomodation requires what three things for near vision

A

bilateral contraction of medial rectus
constriction of the pupil (GVE)
contraction of ciliary muscles (GVE) and subsequent thickening of the lens gives more refractive power

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46
Q

what is anisocoria

A

left right asymmetry in the size of the pupils

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47
Q

cranial nerve injury III results in…..

A

mydrasis (abnormal dilation) and possible ptosis and diplopia

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48
Q

The pupil in horner’s syndrome

A

miosis in affected eye and ptosis(mild)

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49
Q

argyll-robertson pupil

A

associated with neurosyhillis, pupil reepons to accomodation but not to light

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50
Q

marcus gunn pupil

A

swinging light test, affected eye dialates

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51
Q

pupilary reflex

A

in by 2 out by 3

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52
Q

corneal reflex

A

in by 5 out by 7

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53
Q

tearing reflex

A

in by 5 out by 7

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54
Q

jaw jerk reflex

A

in by 5 out by 5

55
Q

blink to startle reflex

A

in by 2 out by 7

56
Q

tracheostomy

A

trachea is incised in the midline between the infrahyoid and between the 1,2 or 2 through 4th rings

57
Q

structures in danger in a tracheostomy

A

inferior thyroid veins, thyroid ima artery, left brachiocephalic and thymus

58
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all muscles of the larynx except for

A

cricothyroid muscle

59
Q

cricothryoid innervated by

A

external laryngeal nerve

60
Q

injury to external laryngeal nerve results in…

A

monotonous speech

61
Q

dehiscence of killian

A

unsupported region along the posterior pharyngeal wall between the crico and thyropharyngeus muscles

62
Q

zenker’s diverticulum

A

pouch of pharyngeal mucosa that emerges through killians dehiscence

63
Q

all pharyngeal muscles are innervated by ___ except for _________ which is innervated by ______-

A

vagus, stylopharyneus, glossopharyngeal

64
Q

Waldeyer’s ring

A

ring of lymphatic tissue guarding entry into the pharynyx composed of lingual tonsil, palatine tonsils, tubal tonsils and pharyngeal tonsils and diffuse lymphatic tissue

65
Q

what two structures are in danger when the palatine tonscils are removed

A

glossopharyngeal and tonsilar artery from facial

66
Q

adenoiditis

A

enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils, can obstruct blood flow from the nasal cavity and spread to the middle ear via the pharyngotympanic tube

67
Q

ludwigs angina

A

tooth main from infection

68
Q

motor innervation of the tongue muscle s

A

hypoglossus

69
Q

palatoglossus innervated by

A

vagus

70
Q

anterior 2/3 taste of tongue is

A

CN VII via lingual nerve geniculate ganglion

71
Q

posterior 1/3 taste of tongue

A

CN IX

72
Q

special sensory of root of tongue is

A

CN X internal laryngeal

73
Q

tip of tongue lymph drainage

A

bilaterally to submental nodes

74
Q

body center of tongue lymph drainage

A

inferior deep cerival (juguloomohyoid)

75
Q

right and left portions of tongue drain to

A

submandibular nodes

76
Q

center root of tongue drains

A

bilaterally to superior deep cervical (jugulodigastric)

77
Q

right and left portions of root of tongue lymph drainage

A

deep cervical nodes

78
Q

mastoid lymph nodes drain

A

most of the external ear and external meatus

79
Q

parotid lymph nodes drain

A

middle ear and external meatus

80
Q

submandibular lymph nodes drain

A

paranasal sinus, oral cavity, tongue

81
Q

submental lymph nodes drain

A

tip of tongue, median part of oral cavity, and central part of lower lip

82
Q

retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain

A

auditory tube

83
Q

all lymph from thehead converges to

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

84
Q

what are the two deep cervical lymph nodes

A

superior. jugulodigastric

inferior-juguloomohyoid

85
Q

jugulodigastric receives lymph from

A

palatine tonsils, paranasal sinuses and oral cavity drain submandibular lymph nodes, upper pharynx and drain to jugular lymph trunk

86
Q

juguloomohyoid

A

receives lymph from median portion of body of tongue, lower larynx, superior deep cervical nodes and drains to jugular lymph trunk

87
Q

level 1 lymph nodes

A

submental, submandibular

88
Q

level 2 lymph nodes

A

superior deep cervical, from skull base to hyoid

89
Q

level 3 lymph nodes

A

nodes along the middle 1/3 of the internal jugular

90
Q

level 4 lymph nodes

A

inferior deep cervical; lower 1/3 of the internal jugular to clavicla

91
Q

level 5 lymph nodes

A

posterior triangle

92
Q

level 6 lymph nodes

A

prelaryngeal, pretracheal, midline between hyoid and sternal notch

93
Q

level 7 lymph nodes

A

superior mediastinal, below sternal notch between common carotid artery

94
Q

frontal sinus drains to

A

middle meatus via frontonasal duct

95
Q

ethmoid sinus drains to

A

posterior air cell to superior meatus

middle and anterior air cell to middle meatus

96
Q

maxillary sinus drains to

A

nasal cavity via hiatus semilunaris

97
Q

sphenoid sinus drains to

A

anterior wall to sphenoethmoidal recess

98
Q

sphenoid sinus is medial to

A

cavernous sinus

99
Q

what nerve runs along the sphenoid sinus floor

A

nerve to pterygoid canal

100
Q

what is the plexus associated with nose bleeds

A

kiesselbach’s plexus

101
Q

kiesselbach’s plexus has contributions from what arterys

A

sphenopalatine
greater palatine
anterior ethmoidal
superior labial

102
Q

shape of subdural hematoma

A

cresent shaped hematome

103
Q

epidrual hematome

A

damage to middle meningeal arteyr

104
Q

shape of epidural hematoma

A

lens shaped

105
Q

subarahcnoid hematome

A

damage to arteries from circle of wilis

106
Q

which cranial nerve actually passes through the cavernous network of veins

A

CN VI

107
Q

which cranial nerves pass laterally through the cavernous sinus

A

3,4,5 (only parts)

108
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness; focus of objects is in front of the retina

109
Q

hypperopia

A

farsightedness; focus of objects is behind the retina

110
Q

retinal detachment

A

seperationg of the neural retina from the pigmented epithelium -blindness in parts of the field

111
Q

macula

A

only contains coans-highest visual acuity

112
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure from poor drainage or over production of aqueous humor

113
Q

cataract

A

opacity of the lens

114
Q

optic disc

A

no photoreceptors in this region-blind spot

115
Q

papilledma

A

building of optic disc from intracranial pressure

116
Q

central artery of the retina

A

terminal from ICA, blockage will result in sudden blindness

117
Q

tear production is controleed by

A

VII

118
Q

middle ear infection can spread to the

A

mastoid sinus, pharnyx, endager chorda tympani, CNVII and CN IX, middle cranial fossa

119
Q

myringotomy/tympanostomy

A

perforation of the inferior aspect to the tympanic membrane to release pus from otitis media or place tubes

120
Q

hyperacusis

A

parlysis of the nerve to stapedius (CN VII injury) resulting in increased perception of loundess

121
Q

cranial nerve 5 and 6 palsy from ititis media called

A

gradenigos syndrome

122
Q

infections between the investing fascia and the pretracheal fascia can spread

A

into superior mediastinum

123
Q

infections within the prevertebral fascia can

A

extend laterally to posterior border of SCM

124
Q

infections between the buccopharyngeal fasia and the alar fascia can extend

A

lower cervical levels

125
Q

infections between alar/buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral elvel can extend

A

to diaphragm

126
Q

subclavian vein puncture can injur

A

first rib, phreniv nerve, subclavian arteyr and cupula of lung

127
Q

right IJV can be punctured

A

lateral to common carotid between sternal and clavicular heads of SCM

128
Q

what muscle does the phrenic nerve course along

A

anterior scalene

129
Q

the descending branch of the occipital artery anastomoses with

A

vertebral and deep cervical arteries

130
Q

during a carotid endarterectomy what nerves can be injured

A

9, 10,11, 12 and sympathetic trunk

131
Q

symptoms of horner’s syndrome

A

flushing of face
ptosis
anhydrosis
miosis

132
Q

horner’s without anhydrosis and flushing is

A

lesion of internal carotid nerve sparses the carotid nerve

133
Q

when superior thyroid artery is ligated what nerve is at risk

A

external larngeal

134
Q

when the inferior thyroid artery is ligated what nerve is at risk

A

recurrent laryngeal

Anatomy (22 decks)

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