JOINTS

Question 1

If there is a “cavity” between skeletal elements this is called ?

Answer 1

synovial joint

Question 2

if there is NO cavity between two skeletal elements this is called ?

Answer 2

solid joint

Question 3

What are the general characteristics of synovial joints /

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage covers the articulating surfaces
joint capsule consisting of synovial membrane and fibrous membrane
membrane attaches to margins of the surfaces and produces a fluid
fibrous membrane- surround and stabilizes the joint

Question 4

plane joints

Answer 4

allow sliding and gliding when bones move across the surface of another (acromioclavicular)

Question 5

hinge joints

Answer 5

allow movement around ONE axis permits flexion and extension (elbow joint

Question 6

pivot joints

Answer 6

movement around one axis that passes longitudinaly along the shaft of the bone; permits rotation (atlantoaxial joint)

Question 7

bicondylar joints

Answer 7

allow movement in one axis and limited movement in another (knee joint) formed by two convex condyles articulating with two concave flat surfaces

Question 8

condylar joints

Answer 8

allow movement around two axes that are at right angles to each other (extension, flextion, abduction adduction and limited circumduction
(wrist joint)

Question 9

saddle joint

Answer 9

allows movement around two axes that are at right angles, articular surfaces are saddle shaped, allows everything as condylar but also circumduction (thumb)

Question 10

ball and socket joints

Answer 10

allow movement around multiple axes Hip joint is an example

Question 11

fibrous joints

Answer 11

sutures gomphoses, and syndesmoses

Question 12

cartilagenous joints

Answer 12

synchondroses and sympheses

Question 13

sutures

Answer 13

in skull; adjacent bones are linked together by a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 14

gomphoses

Answer 14

teeth and adjacent bone

Question 15

syndesmoses

Answer 15

two adjacent bones are linked by a ligament

Question 16

synchondroses

Answer 16

two ossification centers remain separated by cartilage

Question 17

sympheses

Answer 17

two separate bone are interconnected by cartilages

Question 18

sternoclavicular joints

Answer 18

innervation-subclavian and supraclavicular
modified ball and socket
blood supply-internal thoracic, suprascapular, supreme thoracic and clavicular branch of thoracromial artery

Question 19

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 19

plane joint
blood supply- lateral thoracic, acromial branch of thoracoacromial
innervation- axillary n, supraclavicular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve

Question 20

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)

Answer 20

ball and socket
blood supply- suprascapular artery and anterior/posterior circumflex humeral arteries
innervation-suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerve

Question 21

coracohumeral ligament

Answer 21

blends with capsule of shoulder

Question 22

coracoacromial ligament

Answer 22

roof of joint prevents superior dislocation

Question 23

transverse humeral ligament

Answer 23

holds the biceps tendon in the intertubercular groove

Question 24

glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 24

thickened parts of the articular capsule which is visible from inside the joint

Question 25

elbow joint

Answer 25

compound joint

Question 26

What is the arterial supply to the elbow joint

Answer 26

formed by 7 arteris 
superior ulnar collateral
inferior ulnar collateral
radial collateral
middle collateral
ulnar recurrent artery
radial recurrent artery
interosseous recurrent artery

Question 27

What is the innervation of the elbow joint

Answer 27

all of the antebrachial nerves

ulnar, radial, median and musculocutaneous nerve

Question 28

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 28

pivot joint
blood supply- anterior and posterior interosseous arteris
innervation- median and radial nerves

Question 29

radiocarpal joint

Answer 29

ellipsoid joint (biaxial)

Question 30

carpus metacarpus joint

Answer 30

plane joint

Question 31

carpometacarpal joint of pllex

Answer 31

biaxial saddle joint

Question 32

distal interphalangeal joints

Answer 32

hing joint

Question 33

proximal interphalangeal joints

Answer 33

hinge joint

Question 34

metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 34

ball and socket in shape

Question 35

facet or zygapophysial joints

Answer 35

synovial joint/gliding

innervated by dorsal rami

Question 36

what innervates the vertebral disks ?

Answer 36

sympathetic vertebral plexus; sinuvertebral nerves from ventral ramis